New Flashcards
Auto industry executive: Statistics show that cars that were built smaller after 1977 to make them more fuel-efficient had higher incidence of accident-related fatalities than did their earlier, larger counterparts. For this reason we oppose recent guidelines that would require us to produce cars with higher fuel efficiency.
Which one of the following, if true, would constitute the strongest objection to the executive’s argument?
A) Even after 1977, large automobiles were frequently involved in a accidents that caused serious death or injury.
B) Although fatalities in accidents involving small cars have increased since 1977, the number of accidents decreased.
C) New computerized fuel systems can enable large cars to meet fuel efficiency standards established by the recent guidelines.
D) Modern technology can make small cars more fuel-efficient today than at any other time in their production history.
E) Fuel efficiency in models of large cars rose immediately after 1977 but has been declining ever since.
C) New computerized fuel systems can enable large cars to meet fuel efficiency standards established by the recent guidelines.
Principle: A individual is nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize if a nomination has been submitted by a qualified person, but not otherwise; a individual nominated for the prize who did something in the preceding year that promoted peace congresses should receive the prize if the act fought oppression.
Conclusion: Victoria should not receive the Nobel Peace Prize but Narges should.
From which one of the following sets of facts can the conclusion be properly drawn using the principle?
A) Both Narges and Victoria were nominated by qualified persons. On several occasions last year Narges fought oppression, and on many occasions this year Narges promoted peace congresses. On no occasions last year did Victoria fight oppression or promote peace congresses.
B) Both Victoria and Narges were nominated by qualified persons, and each individual fought against oppression last year. However, in doing so, Narges promoted peace congresses; Victoria did not.
C) In fighting against oppression last year, Victoria and Narges both risked their lives to promote peace congresses. Narges was nominated by a qualified person but Victoria was not.
D) Neither Victoria nor Narges were nominated by qualified persons. But, in fighting oppression, Narges promoted peace congresses. In the only case in which Victoria fought oppression last year, Victoria merely participated in peace congresses.
E) At least once last year, Narges fought oppression in such a way as to promote peace congresses. Victoria did not fight oppression last year.
C) In fighting against oppression last year, Victoria and Narges both risked their lives to promote peace congresses. Narges was nominated by a qualified person but Victoria was not.
Some works of art that today are recognized masterpieces were considered obscene when first created. It therefore follows that what is considered obscene or not obscene has changed overtime.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A) Displays of works of art that are considered obscene change the way in which obscenity is defined.
B) The number of things that are considered obscene has decreased with the passage of time.
C) Public opinion does not determine the artistic value of a work of art.
D) Not all currently recognized masterpieces that were once considered obscene are still considered obscene.
E) All currently recognized masterpieces have at one time been considered obscene.
D) Not all currently recognized masterpieces that were once considered obscene are still considered obscene.
People who say that Dooney County is flat are clearly wrong. On flat land, soil erosion by water is not a problem. Consequently, farmers whose land is flat do not build terraces to prevent erosion. Yet I hear that the farms in Downey County are dotted with terraces.
The author’s conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that
A) the only cause of soil erosion is water
B) there are terraces on farmland in Dooney County which were built to prevent soil erosion
C) terraces of the kind found on farmland in Downey County have been shown to prevent soil erosion
D) on flat land there is no soil erosion
E) the only terraces in Dooney County are on farmland
B) there are terraces on farmland in Dooney County which were built to prevent soil erosion
On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. however, since it is unlikely that Swift would have mechanical problems with more than one or two airplanes on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.
A) More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine cancelled flights.
B) Swift Arlines has fewer mechanical problems that do other airlines of the same size.
C) Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.
D) Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
E) All of the airplanes scheduled for the cancelled flights are based at the same airport.
A) More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine cancelled flights.
