new Flashcards
Bacteria that use bacteriochlorophyll don’t _ because _
Release oxygen in to the atmosphere
they use an alternative electron donor
photoautotrophs
get energy from the sun. carbon from carbon dioxide
photoheterotrophs
get energy from the sun but obtain carbon from organic compounds
chemolithotrophs
use energy from inorganic compounds in order to fix carbon from carbon dioxide
chemoheterotrophs
get energy and carbon from organic compounds synthesized by other organisms
monophletic
all the species descended from an ancestor
paraphyletic
some but not all of the species descended from an ancestor
Secondary endosymbiosis
A eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell
Primary endosymbiosis
A cell engulfs a bacterium
The steps preceding the appearance of the eukaryotic cell
development of cytoskeleton
digestive vacuoles
ribosome studded internal membranes
Why was the loss of a cell wall advantageous?
Flexibility allowed for infolds in the mmembrane in order to increase surface area, which is required for gas nutrient exhange as cell scales in volume
what do contractile vacuoles do?
Excrete excess water
what to digestive vacuoles do?
engulf solid food by endocytosis
what structure allows for many different means of locomotion?
the cytoskeleton
what type of motion do protists move by?
amoeboid
Protists that survive through photosynthesis are
algae
protists that ingest other species are
protozoans
why does looking at single genes not provide accurate phylogenetic trees
complicated because of lateral gene transfer
which genes are uncomplcicated by lateral gene transfer?
stable core genes
sequencing of what molecules provided comprehensive evidence of evol relationships among prokaryotes
ribosomal RNA
what do nitrogen fixer cells do
convert atmospheric nitrogen in to chemical compounds like ammonia
denitrifiers
release nitrogen gas in to the atmosphere
nitrifiers
convert ammonia in to nitrate, using it as an electron carrier to power its processes
5th of the world carbon fixation comes from
diatoms, phytoplankton
dinoflagellates are _ living _
endosymbionts
within cells like those in coral
radiolarians are an example of a cell _
containing photosynthetic endosymbionts
which pathogen is associated with malaria
plasmodium
what is the source of natural gas and petroleum
dead diatoms that have sunk to the ocean floor
In paramecia, the micronucelei is used for
transcription and translation
In paramecia, the micronucelei is used for
gene recombination
during conjugation, each ecell obtains a new
micronuclei, which is fused with nother in to a macronucelus
conjugation is a _ process but not a _ process
sexual
reproductive
a life cyclewith haploid and diploid stages is
alternation of generartions
heteromorphic alternation of generations
each generation looks similar
sporophyte is a _
diploid
gametophyte is a _
haploid
isogamous -
gametes of identical appearance
haplontic life cycle
all stages are haploidic except for zygote
diplontic life cycle
all stages are diplontic excet for gametes
