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Musculoskeletal System > Neurovasculature - Upper Limb > Flashcards

Neurovasculature - Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you find pulses in the upper limb?

A

Brachial pulse
Radial pulse (at wrist and anatomical snuff box)
Ulnar pulse

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2
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of the 1st rib

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3
Q

What arteries branch off of the axillary artery at the surgical neck of humerus?

A

Posterior and anterior circumflex arteries

Subscapular artery

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4
Q

At what point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres major

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5
Q

What can an axillary artery aneurysm result in?

A

Pain and loss of sensation in the arm due to brachial plexus pressure

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6
Q

Who is likely to get an axillary artery aneurysm?

A

Patients with Marfan’s syndrome
Patients with high blood pressure
(Baseball pitchers)

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7
Q

What branch arises just distal to teres major from the brachial artery and where does it travel?

A

Profunda brachii

Runs down radial groove with radial nerve

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8
Q

Is partial or temporary occlusion of the brachial artery a problem?

A

No, as the anastomotic supply protects the arm

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8
Q

What can happen with total blockage of the brachial artery or it being severed?

A

Ischaemia of the forearm causing necrosis and paralysis of muscles of forearm
The muscles shorten and cause a flexion deformity called Volkmann’s contracture

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9
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior and posterior of the forearm?

A

Radial artery - posterior forearm

Ulnar artery - anterior forearm

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10
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries anastamose in the hand to form what?

A

Superficial palmar arch

Deep palmar arch

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11
Q

What arteries arise from the superficial palmar arch?

A

Common palmar digital arteries

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12
Q

What are the two superficial veins of the upper limb called?

A

Basilic

Cephalic

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13
Q

What does the basilic vein drain into?

A

Forms the axillary vein by combining with deep brachial veins

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14
Q

Where does the cephalic vein drain?

A

Axillary vein in the axilla

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15
Q

What connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?

A

Median cubital vein

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16
Q

The brachial veins lie either side of the brachial artery and use its pulsations to aid return, what are these types of veins called?

A

Vena comitantes

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17
Q

What veins connect the deep and superficial veins?

A

Perforating veins

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18
Q

Where is the main site for venepuncture at the upper limb?

A

Median cubital vein anteriorly at the elbow

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19
Q

What roots make up the brachial plexus?

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
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20
Q

What roots form the superior trunk?

A

C5 and C6

21
Q

What roots form the middle trunk?

A

C7

22
Q

What roots form the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1

23
Q

What roots contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5
C6
C7

24
Q

What roots contribute to the axillary nerve?

A

C5

C6

25
Q

What roots contribute to the median nerve?

A

C6
C7
C8
T1

26
Q

What roots contribute to the radial nerve?

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
27
Q

What roots contribute to the ulnar nerve?

A

C8

T1

28
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder damaging roots C5 and C6
Leads to waiter’s tip position

29
Q

What is Klumke palsy?

A

Excessive abduction of the arm leading to damage of the T1 root
Leads to paralysis of muscles in the hand - full claw of the hand

30
Q

What motor functions does the axillary nerve have?

A

Teres minor

Deltoid

31
Q

What sensory functions does the axillary nerve have?

A

Regimental badge area

32
Q

What injury can cause axillary nerve damage?

A

Surgical neck of humerus fracture

Dislocation of the humerus

33
Q

What is the motor function of the musculocutaneous?

A

Anterior compartment of the arm:
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

34
Q

What is the sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Skin on the lateral surface of the forearm

35
Q

How can the musculocutaneous nerve be damaged?

A

Stab wound to the axilla

36
Q

What is the motor function of the median nerve?

A

Anterior flexors of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and part of flexor digitorum profundus)
Thenar muscles in the hand
Lateral 2 lumbricals

37
Q

What is the sensory function of the median nerve?

A

Lateral part of the palm
Lateral 3.5 fingers of anterior surface of hand
Lateral 3.5 fingertips of posterior surface of hand

38
Q

What is the course of the median nerve at the elbow?

A

Through the cubital fossa

39
Q

What can cause median nerve damage?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Supracondylar fracture
Lacerations at the wrist

40
Q

What is the characteristic sign of median nerve damage?

A

Hand of benediction

42
Q

What are the motor functions of the radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii

Posterior compartment of the forearm

43
Q

What is the sensory function of the radial nerve?

A

Lower lateral and posterior aspects of upper arm
Posterior forearm
Dorsal palm and 3.5 digits (apart from fingertips)

44
Q

What is the course of the radial nerve at the elbow?

A

Anterior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus

45
Q

How does radial nerve damage present?

A

Wrist drop

47
Q

What is the motor function of the ulnar nerve?

A 
Flexor carpi ulnaris, part of flexor digitorum profundus
Hypothenar muscles
Medial lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
Interossei muscles
48
Q

What is the sensory function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial palm

Medial 1.5 fingers anteriorly and posteriorly

49
Q

What is the course of the ulnar nerve at the elbow?

A

Posterior to medial epicondyle

50
Q

How can the ulnar nerve be damaged?

A

Medial epicondyle fracture

Lacerations to wrist

51
Q

How does ulnar nerve damage present?

A

Ulnar claw

52
Q

What can cause damage to the radial nerve?

A

Midshaft fracture of humerus
Fractures of the radial head
Stabbing in the forearm

Musculoskeletal System (7 decks)

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