Anatomical Areas Flashcards
What are the borders of the axilla?
Lateral - humerus
Medial - serratus anterior and the thoracic wall
Anterior - pectoralis major, minor and subclavius
Posterior - subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi
Base - skin of the armpit
What are the contents of the axilla?
Axillary artery Axillary vein Brachial plexus Biceps brachii and corocobrachialis Axillary lymph nodes
What procedure can be performed in the axilla to reduce the chance of breast cancer spreading?
Axillary clearance - removal of axillary nodes
What can be damaged in axillary clearance and how would this present?
Long thoracic nerve may be damaged
Serratus anterior paralysed
Winged scapula
What are the boundaries of the antecubital fossa?
Lateral - brachioradialis
Medial - pronator teres
Superior - line between the epicondyles of the humerus
What are the contents of the antecubital fossa, laterally to medially?
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
What can a supracondylar fracture lead to and how would this present?
Can damage or interfere with the blood supply of the forearm from the brachial artery
Leads to a Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture - uncontrolled Flexion of the hand as the flexors become fibrotic and short
What are the borders of the axilla?
Lateral - humerus
Medial - serratus anterior and thoracic wall
Anterior - pectoralis major, minor and the subclavius muscles
Posterior - subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi
Base - skin of the armpit
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Median nerve
What are the borders of the carpel tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
Carpal bones
Carpal tunnel syndrome can lead to anaesthesia, paraesthesia or hypoesthesia to which part of the hand?
Lateral 3.5 digits
Palm is fine. Because the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve does not pass through the carpal tunnel.
What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?
Medial - tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Lateral - tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal border - stolid process of radius
Floor - scaphoid and trapezium
Roof - skin
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery
Radial nerve
Cephalic vein
What is the likely cause of pain in the anatomical snuff box?
Scaphoid fracture
That are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior - inguinal ligament Lateral - sartorius Medial - adductor longus Roof - fascia latae Base - pectineus, ilopsoas and adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What vessels are contained within the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What problem can arise in the femoral triangle that requires surgery to treat?
Femoral hernia
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
Superiomedial - semimembranosus
Superiolateral - biceps femoris
Inferiomedial - medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferiolateral - lateral head of gastrocnemius
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa from lateral to medial?
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
What is the condition in which the semimembranosus bursa becomes swelled and inflamed?
Baker’s cyst
What condition originating in the popliteal fossa can lead to anaesthesia of the leg and why?
Popliteal aneurysm as it can compress the tibial nerve
How can a popliteal aneurysm be detected?
Obvious palpable pulsation in the popliteal fossa
