Neurovasculature - Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the first artery to branch off of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris
What are the three main branches of the profunda femoris?
Perforating branches that supply the deep muscles of the thigh
Lateral circumflex artery
Medial circumflex artery
After exiting the femoral triangle, where does the femoral artery go?
Through the adductor canal
Where does the adductor canal end?
Adductor hiatus at an opening in adductor magnus
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
When it leaves the adductor hiatus and enters the popliteal fossa
How do you access the femoral artery and what is this used for?
Femoral triangle
Coronary angiography
Where does the obturator artery arise from?
Internal iliac artery
How does the popliteal artery supply the knee joint?
Giving off genicular branches
At the lower border of popliteus what does the popliteal artery divide into?
Posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial artery
From which of the tibial arteries does the fibular artery arise?
The posterior tibial artery
Which muscles does the fibular artery supply?
Lateral muscles of the leg
What does the anterior tibial artery become in the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery
Where can pulses be taken in the lower limb?
Femoral pulse - femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point
Popliteal artery - popliteal fossa when leg is flexed slightly
Posterior tibial artery - posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis - Dorsum of the foot lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon (not present in 2%)
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it crosses the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle
What are the deep veins of the lower leg and what do they merge to form?
Fibular vein
Posterior tibial vein
Anterior tibial vein
They form the popliteal vein
Where does the great saphenous vein form from?
Dorsal vein of the great toe
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
Passes anteriorly to medial malleolus
Posteriorly to the medial condyle of the knee
Drains into the femoral vein
How does the small saphenous vein arise?
Dorsal vein of the little toe
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
What is the course of the small saphenous vein?
Posterior to lateral malleolus
Drains into popliteal vein
What are perforating veins?
Veins that drain blood from superficial to deep veins
What are varicose veins?
Incompetent valves that allows back flow of blood down the superficial veins causing those veins to become tortuous and dilated
What are the nerve root values for the femoral nerve?
L2
L3
L4
What is the motor function of the femoral nerve?
Flex hip - pectineus, iliacus sartorius
Extend knee - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
What is the sensory function of the femoral nerve?
Anteriomedial thigh
Medial leg
Medial foot via saphenous nerve
