Neurovasculature - Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the first artery to branch off of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris
What are the three main branches of the profunda femoris?
Perforating branches that supply the deep muscles of the thigh
Lateral circumflex artery
Medial circumflex artery
After exiting the femoral triangle, where does the femoral artery go?
Through the adductor canal
Where does the adductor canal end?
Adductor hiatus at an opening in adductor magnus
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
When it leaves the adductor hiatus and enters the popliteal fossa
How do you access the femoral artery and what is this used for?
Femoral triangle
Coronary angiography
Where does the obturator artery arise from?
Internal iliac artery
How does the popliteal artery supply the knee joint?
Giving off genicular branches
At the lower border of popliteus what does the popliteal artery divide into?
Posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial artery
From which of the tibial arteries does the fibular artery arise?
The posterior tibial artery
Which muscles does the fibular artery supply?
Lateral muscles of the leg
What does the anterior tibial artery become in the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery
Where can pulses be taken in the lower limb?
Femoral pulse - femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point
Popliteal artery - popliteal fossa when leg is flexed slightly
Posterior tibial artery - posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis - Dorsum of the foot lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon (not present in 2%)
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it crosses the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle
What are the deep veins of the lower leg and what do they merge to form?
Fibular vein
Posterior tibial vein
Anterior tibial vein
They form the popliteal vein
Where does the great saphenous vein form from?
Dorsal vein of the great toe
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
Passes anteriorly to medial malleolus
Posteriorly to the medial condyle of the knee
Drains into the femoral vein
How does the small saphenous vein arise?
Dorsal vein of the little toe
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
What is the course of the small saphenous vein?
Posterior to lateral malleolus
Drains into popliteal vein
What are perforating veins?
Veins that drain blood from superficial to deep veins
What are varicose veins?
Incompetent valves that allows back flow of blood down the superficial veins causing those veins to become tortuous and dilated
What are the nerve root values for the femoral nerve?
L2
L3
L4
What is the motor function of the femoral nerve?
Flex hip - pectineus, iliacus sartorius
Extend knee - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
What is the sensory function of the femoral nerve?
Anteriomedial thigh
Medial leg
Medial foot via saphenous nerve
What are the nerve root values for the obturator nerve?
L2
L3
L4
What is the motor function of the obturator nerve?
Medial compartment of the thigh
What is the sensory function of the obturator nerve?
Medial thigh
What are the nerve root values of the sciatic nerve?
L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
What is the motor function of the sciatic nerve?
Extensor portion of adductor magnus
Posterior thigh muscles via tibial and common fibular parts
What are the nerve root values of the tibial nerve?
L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
What is the motor function of the tibial nerve?
Posterior compartment of the leg
What does the tibial nerve give branches to?
The sural nerve
What is the course of the tibial nerve at the ankle?
Posteriorly to the medial malleolus
What are the nerve root values of the common fibular nerve?
L4 - S3
What is the motor function of the common fibular nerve?
Short head of biceps femoris
What is the sensory function of the common fibular nerve?
Lateral leg
Where does the common fibular nerve split?
Neck of fibula
What are the nerve root values for the superficial fibular nerve?
L4
L5
S1
What is the motor function for the superficial fibula nerve?
Lateral compartment of the leg
What is the sensory function of the superficial fibular nerve
Anteriolateral leg
Dorsum of the foot except for the webbed space
What are the nerve root values for the deep fibular nerve?
L4
L5
What is the motor function for the deep fibular nerve?
Anterior compartment of the leg
What is the sensory function of the deep fibular nerve?
Triangular region between 1st and 2nd toes
What does damage to the deep fibular nerve lead to?
Foot drop hence a high steppage gate
