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CBS602 LL 2: Leg, Ankle and Foot > Neurovasculature of the Leg, Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Neurovasculature of the Leg, Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Fascia and skin.

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2
Q

What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Joint capsule, popliteus muscle, and posterior femur.

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3
Q

What muscle forms the superomedial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus.

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4
Q

What muscle forms the superolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris.

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5
Q

What muscle forms the inferomedial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial head of the gastrocnemius.

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6
Q

What muscle forms the inferolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.

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7
Q

What are the main contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery (pulse point)

Popliteal vein

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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8
Q

Which structures are commonly used as landmarks for the popliteal fossa boundaries?

A

Serve And Volley Next Ball: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Popliteal Artery, Popliteal Vein, Biceps femoris.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of deep veins in the lower limb?

A

They are located beneath the deep fascia and accompany arteries, named the same as the arteries.

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10
Q

Which veins unite to form the popliteal vein?

A

The anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular veins.

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11
Q

What is the origin of the great saphenous vein?

A

It originates medially from the dorsal venous arch.

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12
Q

Describe the course of the great saphenous vein.

A

It ascends medially, passing anterior to the medial malleolus and posterior to the medial femoral condyle, then pierces the deep fascia at the saphenous opening to drain into the femoral vein.

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13
Q

What is the origin of the short saphenous vein?

A

It originates laterally from the dorsal venous arch.

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14
Q

Describe the course of the short saphenous vein.

A

It ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus, lateral to the calcaneal tendon, and between the two heads of the gastrocnemius, then pierces the deep fascia to drain into the popliteal vein.

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15
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

It drains into the femoral vein at the saphenous opening.

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16
Q

Where does the short saphenous vein drain into?

A

It drains into the popliteal vein.

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17
Q

What happens to the femoral artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

It becomes the popliteal artery.

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18
Q

Describe the course of the popliteal artery

A

The popliteal artery runs deep within the popliteal fossa, passes between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, and through the tendinous arch of soleus.

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19
Q

What are the branches of the popliteal artery, and where do they terminate?

A

The popliteal artery gives off geniculate arteries that supply the knee and terminates by dividing into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery.

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20
Q

What artery branches early from the posterior tibial artery, and what nerve does it descend with?

A

The fibular (peroneal) artery branches early from the posterior tibial artery. It descends with the tibial nerve.

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21
Q

Which structure does the posterior tibial artery pass through to reach the foot, and what clinical feature can be found here?

A

It passes through the tarsal tunnel, and a pulse can be palpated on the plantar aspect of the foot.

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22
Q

What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A

The fibular artery, medial plantar artery, and lateral plantar artery.

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23
Q

What is the function of the geniculate arteries?

A

They supply blood to the knee joint.

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24
Q

From which artery does the fibular artery arise?

A

The fibular artery arises from the posterior tibial artery

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25
Q

Where does the fibular artery descend?

A

Descends inferiorly within the posterior compartment on the medial surface of the fibula.

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26
Q

What branches does the fibular artery give off, and where do they go?

A

The fibular artery gives off perforating branches to the lateral compartment of the leg.

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27
Q

How does the anterior tibial artery reach the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

The anterior tibial artery passes through an aperture in the interosseous membrane to reach the anterior compartment.

28
Q

With which nerve does the anterior tibial artery descend, and in which compartment?

A

The anterior tibial artery descends with the deep fibular nerve in the anterior compartment of the leg.

29
Q

What are the main branches of the anterior tibial artery, and how does it terminate?

A

The anterior tibial artery gives off perforating branches to the lateral compartment and terminates as the dorsalis pedis artery.

30
Q

Where does the anterior tibial artery terminate, and what is the name of the artery at its termination?

A

The anterior tibial artery terminates as the dorsalis pedis artery on the dorsum of the foot.

31
Q

What are the main branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

The main branches of the dorsalis pedis artery are the arcuate artery, deep plantar artery, dorsal metatarsal arteries, and dorsal digital arteries.

32
Q

What are the main branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

The main branches of the dorsalis pedis artery are the arcuate artery, deep plantar artery, dorsal metatarsal arteries, and dorsal digital arteries.

33
Q

What is the role of the arcuate artery?

A

The arcuate artery supplies the dorsal aspect of the foot and connects with the lateral plantar artery through the plantar arch.

34
Q

What are the two branches of the medial plantar artery?

A

The medial plantar artery has a superficial branch and a deep branch.

35
Q

What structures does the lateral plantar artery give rise to?

A

The lateral plantar artery contributes to the plantar arch, which then gives off plantar metatarsal arteries and plantar digital arteries.

36
Q

What is the function of the deep plantar artery?

A

The deep plantar artery connects the dorsalis pedis artery with the plantar arch, providing blood supply to the deep structures of the foot.

37
Q

What is the significance of the dorsal metatarsal and dorsal digital arteries?

A

The dorsal metatarsal arteries supply the dorsal aspect of the foot and branch into dorsal digital arteries, which provide blood to the toes.

38
Q

What is the plantar arch, and what arteries does it connect?

A

The plantar arch is formed by the anastomosis of the lateral plantar artery and the deep plantar artery, supplying the plantar surface of the foot.

39
Q

Where does the tibial nerve travel in relation to the posterior tibial artery?

A

The tibial nerve follows the same path as the posterior tibial artery through the deep posterior compartment of the leg.

40
Q

What muscles does the tibial nerve supply in the posterior compartment?

A

The tibial nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

41
Q

What are the calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve responsible for?

A

The calcaneal branches provide sensory innervation to the skin of the heel.

42
Q

What happens to the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel?

A

The tibial nerve divides into the medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve.

43
Q

Which muscles receive motor innervation from the medial plantar nerve?

A

Motor innervation: Supplies the abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the 1st lumbrical.

44
Q

What areas does the medial plantar nerve provide cutaneous innervation to?

A

Provides sensation to the medial sole and the medial 3½ digits.

45
Q

What artery does the lateral plantar nerve run alongside?

A

The lateral plantar nerve runs laterally with the lateral plantar artery.

46
Q

Into what branches does the lateral plantar nerve divide?

A

The lateral plantar nerve divides into superficial and deep branches.

47
Q

Which muscles receive motor innervation from the lateral plantar nerve?

A

The lateral plantar nerve supplies motor innervation to the remaining intrinsic muscles of the foot.

48
Q

What areas does the lateral plantar nerve provide cutaneous innervation to?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the lateral sole and the lateral 1½ digits.

49
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve run before it divides?

A

The common fibular nerve runs deep to the fibularis longus muscle.

50
Q

At what location does the common fibular nerve divide, and into what branches?

A

The common fibular nerve divides at the neck of the fibula into the superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve.

51
Q

Where does the superficial fibular nerve run after its formation?

A

The superficial fibular nerve runs deep to the fibularis longus within the lateral compartment of the leg.

52
Q

What areas does the superficial fibular nerve provide cutaneous innervation to?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the distal anterolateral leg and most of the dorsum of the foot.

53
Q

Which compartment’s muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

The superficial fibular nerve provides motor innervation to the lateral compartment muscles.

54
Q

How does the deep fibular nerve reach the anterior compartment?

A

The deep fibular nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula to reach the anterior compartment.

55
Q

Which artery does the deep fibular nerve run inferiorly with?

A

The deep fibular nerve runs inferiorly with the anterior tibial artery.

56
Q

What anatomical structure does the deep fibular nerve pass under?

A

The deep fibular nerve passes under the extensor retinaculum.

57
Q

Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve provide motor innervation to?

A

The deep fibular nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment and dorsal foot muscles.

58
Q

Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve provide motor innervation to?

A

The deep fibular nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment and dorsal foot muscles.

59
Q

What area does the deep fibular nerve provide cutaneous innervation to?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the first interdigital cleft (the space between the first and second toes).

60
Q

What is the primary function of the sural nerve?

A

The sural nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg and the lateral side of the foot.

61
Q

Which nerves contribute to the formation of the sural nerve?

A

The sural nerve is formed by the medial sural cutaneous nerve (from the tibial nerve) and the sural communicating branch (from the common fibular nerve).

62
Q

From which nerve does the medial sural cutaneous nerve originate, and what does it supply?

A

The medial sural cutaneous nerve originates from the tibial nerve and supplies sensation to the skin of the posterior aspect of the leg.

63
Q

What is the role of the sural communicating branch?

A

The sural communicating branch, arising from the common fibular nerve, joins the medial sural cutaneous nerve to help form the sural nerve.

64
Q

What is the function of the saphenous nerve?

A

The saphenous nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the leg and the medial side of the foot.

65
Q

Which nerve does the saphenous nerve branch from, and where does it run?

A

The saphenous nerve is a branch of the femoral nerve and runs alongside the great saphenous vein.

66
Q

What specific areas does the saphenous nerve supply sensation to?

A

The saphenous nerve innervates the skin of the medial side of the leg and the medial side of the foot, extending to the first digit.

67
Q

What are the primary cutaneous nerves in the leg and foot?

A

The primary cutaneous nerves in the leg and foot include the sural nerve, saphenous nerve, and their respective branches (medial sural cutaneous and sural communicating branch).

CBS602 LL 2: Leg, Ankle and Foot (3 decks)

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