Neurovasculature, Lymph an layers

Question 1

33. What anatomical items accompany the esophagus through the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 1

• Right and Left vagus nerve
• Esophageal branch of left gastric artery/vein

Question 2

34. Where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 2

• Aortic hiatus

Question 3

40. What is the origin of the anterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 3

• Internal thoracic a.
• musculophrenic a.

Question 4

41. What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 4

• Thoracic aorta
• Sup. intercostal a. (costocervical trunk)

Question 5

42. Where are the anterior intercostal veins drained to?

Answer 5

• Internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins

Question 6

43. Where are the posterior intercostal veins drained to?

Answer 6

the azygous vein (right side), and hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins (left side).

Question 7

44. What is the most superior item in the intercostal space?

Answer 7

• Intercostal vein

Question 8

45. Name the innermost layer of the thoracic wall.

Answer 8

• Endothoracic fascia

Question 9

46. What is the definition of the mediastinum?

Answer 9

Middle portion of the thoracic cavity surrounded by the right an dleft pleural sacs

Question 10

47.List the five layers of the superior mediastinum.

Answer 10

• Thymus
• SVC
• Aortic arch with branches (+ phrenic n. + recurrent laryngeal n.)
• Trachea & root of lung
• Esophagus & vagus nerve

Question 11

48.Which veins form the venous angle?

Answer 11

Internal jugular vein and Subclavian vein

Question 12

49.What is the great importance of the left venous angle?

Answer 12

• Location where thoracic duct drains lymph back into circulation

Question 13

50.In which side of the thoacic cavity does the azygos vein ascend ?

Answer 13

-On right side

Question 14

51.Where is the azygos vein drained to?

Answer 14

Sup. Vena cava

Question 15

52.In what vertebral plane is the tracheal bifurcation located?

Answer 15

• Level of T4 T5

Question 16

53.What are the special features of the right main bronchus?

Answer 16

• Shorter wider more vertical than the left main bronchus runs under arch of azygous vein and divide into 3 lobar Bronchi

Question 17

54.What are the special features of the left main bronchus?

Answer 17

• Longer(5cm) More horizontal then right main bronchi Slightly S shaped
  Run inferior to aortic arch and divide into 2 lobar Bronchi

Question 18

55.Name the parts of the parietal pleura.

Answer 18

• Cervical pleura / costal pleura/ mediastinal pleura / diaphragmatic pleura

Come Cook More Dogs- mnemonic

Question 19

56.Name the initial pathways of the pulmonary lymphatics.

Answer 19

**inf. And sup tracheobronchial nodes

right and left bronchomediastinal trunk**

drain into the venous system via the right lymphatic and thoracic duct**

Question 20

57.What is the smallest surgically resectable subdivision of the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 20

• Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 21

58.How many bronchopulmonary segments make up the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 21

• 10 (sup:3 mid:2 inf:5)

Question 22

59.How many bronchopulmonary segments make up the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 22

• 8-9 (sup:5 inf:4)

Question 23

60.List the major items of the right pulmonary hilum in supero-inferior order.

Answer 23

• Main Bronchus
• Pulmonary a.
• Pulmonary v.

R–Br/A/V

Question 24

61.List the major items of the left pulmonary hilum in supero-inferior order

Answer 24

• Pulmonary a.
• Main Bronchus
• Pulmonary v.