Muscles and Layers

Question 1

35.Name at least two accessory respiratory muscles.

Answer 1

• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Pectoralis major
• Pectoralis minor
• scalene
• trapezius
• Intercostal muscles
• External/ Internal obliques muscles
• lattisimus dorsi

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Question 2

36.Which is the most lateral part of the erector spinae muscle?

Answer 2

• Iliocostalis

Question 3

37.Name the intercostal muscles.

Answer 3

• External intercostal muscle
• Internal intercostal muscle
• Innermost intercostalis

Question 4

38.Which intercostal muscle is inspiratory muscle?

Answer 4

• External intercostals

Question 5

39.Which intercostal muscle is expiratory muscle?

Answer 5

• Internal intercostals

Question 6

62.Define the location of the aortic groove.

Answer 6

• On left lung immediately superior to the hilum

Question 7

63.Define the pulmonary root.

Answer 7

depressed surface from which a group of structures emerge at the hilum of each lung

Question 8

64.What is the topographic relation of the vagus nerve to the root of the lung?

Answer 8

posterior to the root of lung

Question 9

65.Name two pleural recesses.

Answer 9

• Costomediastinal recess
• Costodiaphragmatic recess
• Phrenicomedialstinal recess
• Vertebromediastinal recess

Question 10

66.What is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 10

• A fold of pleura extending inferiorly from hilum of each lung.Serves to attach the lung to the mediastinum

Question 11

67. What are the functional vessels of the lung?

Answer 11

pulmonary arteries & veins

Question 12

68.List the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 12

• maxillary sinuses.
• frontal sinuses.
• sphenoidal sinuses.
• ethmoidal cells (sinuses)

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Question 13

69.Where does the frontal sinus open to?

Answer 13

• Middle nasal meatus

Question 14

70.Where does the maxillary sinus open to?

Answer 14

• Open in middle nasal meatus to maxillary hiatus

Question 15

71.Where does the sphenoidal sinus open to?

Answer 15

• Sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity

Question 16

72.What opens into the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 16

• Nasolacrimal duct

Question 17

73.Which conchae belong to the ethmoidal bone?

Answer 17

• Sup. And middle nasal conchae

Question 18

74.List the cartilages of the larynx.

Answer 18

• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage
• Arytenoid cartilage
• Corniculate cartilage
• Cuneiform cartilage
• Epiglottis
• Tracheal cartilage

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Question 19

75.What is the laryngeal prominence?

Answer 19

• Adams apple / projection of the thyroid cartilage

Question 20

76.What are the borders of the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 20

• Ant.: free curved edge of epiglottis
• Post.: corniculate cartilage, arytenoid cartilage and Interarytenoid fold
• Lat.: aryepiglottic fold

Question 21

77.What are the parts of the rima glottidis?

Answer 21

• Intermembranous part
• intercartiligenous part

Question 22

78.What does the vocal fold consist of?

Answer 22

• Vocal ligament,
• vocalis muscle
• covering mucous membrane

Question 23

79.Which muscle can open the rima glottidis?

Answer 23

• Posterior Cricoarytenoid m.

Question 24

80.Which are those major laryngeal muscles that close the rima glottidis?

Answer 24

• Lat. Cricoarytenoid mm.
• Arytenoid m. (oblique and transverse)

Question 25

81.Which are the fibro-elastic membranes of the larynx?

Answer 25

• Quadrangular membrane (sup.)
• Conus elasticus (inf.)
• Vestibular ligament
• Vocal ligament
• Median cricothyroid ligament

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Question 26

82.Which nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 26

• superior laryngeal n. (derived from vagus n.)

Question 27

83.Which nerve supplies the mucous membrane of the infraglottic cavity?

Answer 27

• Sensory branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve

Question 28

84.Which are the divisions of the laryngeal cavity?

Answer 28

• Laryngeal inlet
• Vestibule
• Glottis
• Infraglottic space