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MTO 3 > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How many vertebrae are present in each section of the vertebral column?
A
  • Cervical: 7
  • Thoracic: 12
  • Lumbar: 5
  • Sacral: 5 fused
  • Coccygeal: 4 fused
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2
Q
  1. Which vertebra does not have body?
A
  • Atlas (1st cervical vertebrae)
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3
Q
  1. Which part of the lumbar vertebra is considered to be a rudiment of a rib?
A
  • Costal process
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4
Q
  1. Which vertebrae have heart-shaped body?
A
  • Thoracic vertebrae
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5
Q
  1. In which plane are the superior articular surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae oriented?
A
  • Frontal plane
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6
Q
  1. Which part of the vertebral column features the highest rotational degree of freedom, and why?
A

1) Between axis and atlas of cervical vertebrae due to pivot joint with the dens process of C2 instead of the joint of the bodies which creates less rotation

2) There are no ribs which restricts the rotation.

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7
Q
  1. What is the reason of the lack of torsion in the lumbar part of the vertebral column?
A
  • The shape and orientation (i.e. sagittal) of the articular processes.
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8
Q
  1. The spinous process of which cervical vertebra is palpable?
A
  • Vertebral prominence on C7
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8
Q
  1. What is name of the diarthrosis between the adjacent articular processes of the vertebrae?
A
  • Zygapophyseal joint
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9
Q
  1. What is the type of synarthrosis of the sacrum?
A
  • Synostosis
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10
Q
  1. Which part of the sacrum is considered to be rudiments of the transverse processes of the vertebrae?
A
  • Lateral sacral crest
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11
Q
  1. What is the type of the atlanto-occipital joint?
A
  • Synovial joint = ellipsoidal joint
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12
Q
  1. Name the ligaments which connect the vertebral arches?
A
  • Supra spinous lig.
  • Interspinal lig.
  • Ligamentum flavum

mnemonic: Send Irma Love

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13
Q
  1. Which syndesmosis can be found on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies? -
A
  • Anterior longitudinal lig.
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14
Q
  1. Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous precesses of the cervical vertebrae?
A
  • Supraspinous lig.
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15
Q
  1. Which ligament retains the dens of axis in the fovea of the dens?
A
  • Transverse lig. of atlas
16
Q
  1. What are the parts of the atlanto-axial joint?
A

Lateral antlanto-axial joint = Pivot joint

  • Articulation surface:
    1) Inferior articular surface of atlas
    2) Superior articular surface of axis

Median atlanto-axial joint: pivot joint

  • Articulation surface:
    1) Dens (or odontoid process) of axis
    2) Fovea / facet for dens (of the atlas)
    3) Anterior articular facet (of the axis)
    4) Posterior articular facet (of the axis)
    5) Transverse ligament of atlas

1.Lateral antlanto-axial joint (articulating facets)
2.Median atlanto-ax

17
Q
  1. Name the inner part of the intervertebral discs.
A
  • Nucleus pulposus
18
Q
  1. Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the cervical and lumbar parts.
A
  • Lordosis
19
Q
  1. Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the thoracic and sacral parts.
A
  • Kyphosis
20
Q

21.Which of the two lordoses forms first? -=

A
  • Cervical lordosis
21
Q
  1. What are the major parts of the sternum?
A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid process
22
Q
  1. At which vertebral level does the trans thoracic plane of the sternal angle go through?
A
  • T4 / T5
23
Q
  1. Which rib articulates with the sternum next to the sternal angle?
A
  • 2nd rib
24
Q
  1. What are the classes of the ribs?
A
  • True ribs (1-7) or vertebrosternal
  • False ribs (8-10) or vertebrochondral
  • Floating ribs (11-12) or vertebral ribs
25
Q
  1. Which joints participate in the respiratory movements?
A
  • Costovertebral joints
  • Sternocostal
  • Manubriosternal
26
Q

27.What are the parts of the costovertebral joints?

A
  • Joint of head of rib
  • Costal tubercle with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae (costotransverse joint)
27
Q
  1. What anatomical item closes the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
  • Diaphragm
28
Q
  1. What are the two major parts of the diaphragm?
A
  • Muscular part
  • Central tendon
29
Q

30.Where do the muscle fibers of the muscular part of the diaphragm originate from?

A
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • Costal cartilage of ribs 7-10
  • Ribs 11-12
  • Xiphoid process of sternum
    (Mnemonic : X’s Come Right and Left
30
Q

31.List the named openings of the diaphragm.

A
  • Caval opening of Diaphragm (inferior vena cava opening)
  • Aortic hiatus
  • Oesophageal hiatus

I 8 10 Eggs @ 12 (mnemonic) IYKYK

31
Q

32.In which part of the diaphragm is the caval opening located?

A
  • Locate on central tendon at level of T8

MTO 3 (3 decks)

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