Neurotransmitters Flashcards
what is the concentration of na extracellularly vs intracellularly
significantly higher na concentration EXTRACELLULARLY compared to intracellularly
what direction does na usually flow and what does this cause
flows inwards causing depolarization, excitatory
what is the concentration of k intracellular vs extracellular
k greater intracellularly than extracellularly
what direction does k usually flow and what does this causes
flows outwards causing hyperpolarisation and inhibition
what direction does ca usually flow
flows inwards as greater concentration extracellulalry than intracellularly
what direction does cl flow and why
flows inwards as greater concentration extracellularly than intracellularly and hence causes hyperpolarization and inhibition
what are the 4 regions of the neuron
soma, dendrites, axon and synapse
how are neurotransmitters inactivated
can be returned to axon terminals form reuse/transported to glial cells
enzymes inactivate neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters can diffuse out of synaptic cleft
direct gating is a feature of what type of receptors
direct ion gating
GABAa, glycine, nicotinic ACH are all what type
pentamer
glutamate is what type of molecule
tetramer
describe glutamate
the main excitatory neurotransmitter but may have inhibitory effects via its response at metabotrophic glutamate receptors
what are the 2 main types of glutamate receptor
non-NMDA and NMDA
what are the 2 types of non-NMDA
AMPA AND KAINATE
How do AMPA and kainite work
control an ion channel permeable to Na+ and K+
