Neurotransmitters Flashcards
What are the two effects that can impact a neurotransmitter?
- blocking agent, where prevents the neuron from firing
- mimicking the activity of a natural neurotransmitter
What is enzyme breakdown?
neurotransmitters that are inactive, enzymes change the the structure of the neurotransmitters, causing it not to fit in the receptor sites
What is reuptake?
neurotransmitters are taken back up into the terminal button after being release
What is a drug that affects the reuptake?
Cocaine
Neurotransmitter synthesis
increase or decrease the synthesis of Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter transport
interference with the transport of Neurotransmitter to the axon terminal
Neurotransmitter release
release of neurotransmitters into the synapse prematurely
Neurotransmitter storage
interfere with the storage neurotransmitter in the vesicles of the axon terminal
neurotransmitter degradation
may influence the breakdown of neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter reuptake
block the reuptake of neurotransmitter
Receptor Activation
may activate receptor site by mimicking a neurotransmitter
Receptor Blocking
cause a receptor to be inactive by blocking it
Agonist
Enhances activity of a particular neurotransmitter system without binding to the receptor
causes change in the conductance of the neuron
Antagonist
inhibits activities of a particular neurotransmitter, does not bind
occupies a neural receptor and blocks normal synaptic transmission
Acetylcholine
resides in the axon terminals that activates skeletal muscles
critical for sensory processing, attention and memory
Alzheimer’s disease
a progressive loss of memory function, common with elderly
drugs can also cause this to happen
The three main monomines
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
chemical to mediate physical changes, and emotional arousal
also found in the brain where it regulates hunger, alertness and arousal
Dopamine
regulates motor movements
not effective, does not enter the brain from bloodstream
Blood-brain barrier
blocks toxic compounds from entering the brain
Serotonin
found in the brain where it is important to the regulation of sleep
Monoamines and its effects
Contains a single amine group, where they are closely linked to mood states and emotional disorders
High levels of monomaniac activities causes schizophrenia (research)
Endorphins
large molecules that modulates pain (similar to morphine and heroin)
Two main Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
GABA
Glutamate
GABA
Gamma aminobutyric Acid
neurotransmitters in the brain tissue, inhibitory transmitter of the brain
opens negative charged chloride ion channels
Glutamate
Abundant of the excitatory transmitters
important in memory and learning
Neuromuscular junction
area where the nerves meet muscles, acetylcholine gets released here to contract muscles
