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Chapter 1 - 4 > Nervous System & Brain > Flashcards

Nervous System & Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

nerves outside of the brain

sends input from the senses to the brain

receives output from the brain to muscles

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

part of the PNS, and regulates non-conscious or automatic activities

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4
Q

Sympathetic Branch

A

A part of ANS

activate emotional arousal by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

“fight or flight”
short term response

NT are norepinephrine

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5
Q

Effects that drugs can affect the Sympathetic branch

A

mimic sympathetic arousal (cocaine, hallucinogens and ampetamines)

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6
Q

Effects that drugs can affect the Sympathetic branch

A

mimic sympathetic arousal (cocaine, hallucinogens and amphetamines)

block norepinephrine receptor in the sympathetic nervous system, “beta blockers”

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7
Q

Parasympathetic branch

A

second branch of the ANS

balances action from the sympathetic branch by extracting opposite effects

reduces heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

NT are serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine

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8
Q

Hindbrain

A

medulla
pons
cerebellum

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9
Q

Medulla

A

regulation of basic functions, ie: breathing, heart rate, vomiting, blood pressure, swallowing

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10
Q

Drug effect impact on the medulla

A

can cause respiratory or cardiovascular failure

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11
Q

Pons

A

Pathway for input up and output down from the spinal cord

controls sleep and wakefulness

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

critical for motor control

activation is unconscious that involves balance, coordinated movements and speech

alcohol can affect cerebellum functions

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Inferior Colliculi (auditory)
Superior Colliculi (vision)
Subsrtantia Nigira (movement)

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14
Q

Forebrain

A

Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Cerebrum & Cerebral
Cortex

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15
Q

thalamus

A

relay station, receives incoming sensory & stimuli then relays the information to relevant centers throughout the brain

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

structure in the motivation of behaviour

regulation of eating & drinking

control of body temperature, aggression and sexual behaviour

17
Q

Two sites of the hypothalamus

A

inhibit eating & excite hunger

18
Q

Limbic System Structure

A

hippocampus & amygdala

19
Q

Amygdala

A

mediating certain types of aggression, fear and emotional experiences. responsible for “fight or flight”

20
Q

Hippocampus

A

critical in memory storage

21
Q

Damaged Hippocampus

A

People can remember things prior to the damage but cannot store new memories, aka long term memory is in interacted

22
Q

Feature that distinguishes the human brain from other animals

A

enlarged cerebral cortex

23
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

grey matter that impacts thinking and making complex decision making

24
Q

Cerebrum

A

Helps with balance

25
Q

Triune Brain Theory (1990s)

A

States the brain is divided into three parts
- Reptilian
- Paleomammalian (emotion)
- Neomammalian

26
Q

Reptilian

A

control of our innate and automatic self-preserving behavior patterns

what are often referred to as, the four Fs: Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, and… Reproduction

27
Q

FPTO

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

28
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

impuse control & motor movement

29
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

body senses (pain, pleasure, vibration)

30
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Sound, understanding language, object recognition, long term memory

31
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

visual perception, including colour, form and motion

32
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

central role in cognitive control functions

  • attention, impulse inhibition, prospective memory, and cognitive flexibility
33
Q

VTA

A

Ventral Tegmental Area

significant role in reward, motivation, cognition, and aversion

34
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

neural interface between motivation and action,

playing a key role on feeding, sexual, reward, stress-related, drug self-administration behavior

35
Q

somogyi effect

A

happens when you take insulin before bed and wake up with high blood sugar levels

Chapter 1 - 4 (8 decks)

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