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Biological basis of behaviour > Neurotransmitter pathways > Flashcards

Neurotransmitter pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Provide examples of quaternary and monoamines

A

Dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine

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2
Q

What are examples of amino acids?

A

GABA, glutamate

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3
Q

Provide examples of peptide transmitters

A

Endorphins and oxytocin

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4
Q

What are examples of gas transmitters?

A

Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide

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5
Q

What is the function of glutamate?

A

Excitatory - all senses except pain

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6
Q

Describe the function of GABA

A

Inhibitory, especially local inhibitory interneurons

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7
Q

What does ACh do?

A

Activates muscle fibres, muscle contracts. Activates cerebral cortex and facilitates learning

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8
Q

What is the function of dopamine?

A

Voluntary movement, action planning and control

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9
Q

What does noradrenalin do?

A

Increases vigilance and readiness to act

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10
Q

What is the function of serotonin?

A

Calming, reduces impulsive behaviour

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11
Q

What is the pathway from the midbrain to limbic system to frontal cortex called?

A

Dopaminergic-Meso-Limbic-Cortical pathway

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12
Q

Substances able to cross the blood-brain barrier may affect the brain regardless of which 2 things?

A

Whether produced by the body (endogenous) or entered blood from outside (exogenous)

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13
Q

Define a psychoactive drug

A

A drug that affects CNS and alertness, perceptual, cognitive and emotional.

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14
Q

What is indirect interference?

A

Interfere with production, release or removal of neurotransmitter

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15
Q

Describe agonists and antagonists of indirect interference

A

Agonists = increase NT and increase production/prevent uptake Antagonists = Increase NT, less likely gate will open

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16
Q

What are the 4 functional systems?

A

Stimulants, depressants, analgesics (relieve pain) and hallucinogens

17
Q

What is direct interference?

A

Postsynaptic receptor sites specific to molecular structure of neurotransmitter

18
Q

What are the roles of agonists/antagonists in direct interference?

A

Agonists = Mimic action of NT, bind to receptor site and open channel. Antagonists = Prevent action of NT, block receptor to prevent binding

19
Q

What are the 2 ways pathways are identified?

A

Anatomically and chemically

20
Q

Describe Parkinson’s disease

A

Movement disorder. Degeneration of substantia nigra, lack of dopamine. L-Dopa treatment. Side effects = psychotic symptoms

21
Q

Describe schizophrenia

A

Delusions, hallucinations, dysfunction. Overactivity in MLC pathway, over-abundance of dopamine. Treatment of antipsychotic drugs, side effects = Parkinsonism

Biological basis of behaviour (10 decks)

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