Neuroscience overview + intentions Flashcards
1
Q
Temporal resolution
A
- Time between frames/measurements
2
Q
spatial resolution
A
- Ability to detect 2 adjacent structures as separate
3
Q
Optogenetics
A
- switch on/off neurons on basis of genetics with light
- shine light on head + neurons in brain switched on/off
4
Q
lesions + strokes
A
- stroke-> occurs when blood flow in brain is disrupted
- Allow experimenters to test hypothesis concerning functional role of damaged regions
-limitations: don’t respect functional boundaries + can affect connections to other brain areas
5
Q
Traumatic Brain injury
A
- Trauma can cause destruction of neural tissue
- frontal lobe more prone to damage from head trauma
- damage can arise from collisions with the solid internal surface of the skull
- can result in damage at site of blow or opposite site (reactive forces- countercoup)
6
Q
Tumours
A
- cause neurological symptoms by damaging neural tissue/ producing abnormal pressure on cortex + cutting of blood supply
7
Q
Single dissociations
A
- patient group snows impairment on one task +not the other
8
Q
Double dissociation
A
- one patient group shows impairment on one task + second patient group shows impairment on the other task
- provides stronger evidence for selective impairment
9
Q
influence + importance of case studies
A
- understanding of brain beh relationships
- indicated functional localisation
- limitations of generalisability
- case series studies look at overlap of multiple people + see which area is common to them all + the beh deficit
10
Q
Phineas Gage case study
A
- decision making + personality sig changes
- shows frontal lobes role in personality + decision making
- used MRI scans to better link sites of a brain damage to changes in beh
11
Q
HM case study
A
- Milner tested
- Had amnesia as a result of bilateral surgery of the Medial temporal lobes to alleviate epilepsy
- More evidence for functional localisation
12
Q
Face bind- prosopagnosia
A
- Damage to temporal lobes
- Associative = can distinguish faces well but can’t recognise them
-Apperceptive = struggle to differentiate between faces - Different lesions to the brain correlate with different types
13
Q
Colour blind- achromatopsia
A
- can be disrupted when lesions occur in temporal lobe
- more common in males, genetics
- Achromatopsia t prosopagnosia lesions overlap
14
Q
Occipital lobe
A
- Primary visual cortex in each hemisphere represent the contralateral hemifield
- Anything on the left ends up in the right primary visual cortex
-if the left cortex has a lesion you won’t see in the right field - GY is an example (lecture)
15
Q
Blindsight
A
- DB had surgery in primary visual cortex
- blindsight der to describe the ability to discriminate between visual stimuli that weren’t consciously acknowledged as present by the patient
- must be pathway from eye to brain that bypass primary visual cortex
- classic blindsight cases can see motion of stimulus - shows preserved motion discrimination
