cog Neuroscience reading Flashcards
1
Q
Mental representations - Posner - Letter matching task
A
- Letter matching task
- ppts respond faster in phonetic identity condition where letters have same identity but 1 is capital + 1 is lowercase
-ppts respond slowest to same category condition - suggests we derive multiple representations of stimuli
- Many stimuli can correspond to the same letter
2
Q
internal transformations
A
- Translate perceptual representations into action representations to achieve goals
- characterising transformational operations -Sternberg found that comparison of stimuli sequential because RT increased linear with set size
- Reicher fand much memory is parallel - comparison of stimuli occurs simultaneously
3
Q
Constraints on info processing + limitations in task performance - colour naming task
A
- stroops colour naming task
- list of words + asked identify colour of ear word
- stimuli activate 2 seperate representations : colour of stimulus + colour concept of each word
- ppts slower to name colour when ink doesnt match the word
4
Q
Tumor
A
- mass of tissue growing abnormally
- most common in glial cells
5
Q
Epilepsy
A
- excessive + abnormal patterned activity in the brain
- large amplitude oscillations of brains electrical current
6
Q
Lesion studies
A
- structure dysfunctional due to a lesion should impair performance of a task
-rests on assumption brain injury is eliminative (disrupts ability of affected structure)
7
Q
methods to perturb neural function -pharmacology
A
- psychoactive drugs disrupt NT resulting in cog function changing
- pharmacological studies administer agonist drugs (mimic action) or antagonist (block NT)
-Drawback of using injection = lack of specificity
8
Q
methods to perturb neural function - genetic manipulations
A
- Analysing genetic codes allow US to predict whether children of someone with Huntington’s will dev it too
- identifying genetic IocuS helps devise technique to alter genes by preventing/modifying expression
- Plomin et al-> spatial reasoning, reading speed have some heritability
- Develop genetically modified animal to investigate genetic + beh
9
Q
methods to perturb neural function - invasive stimulation
A
- Neural stimulation with electrodes
- stimulating to treat neurological disorders
- deep brain stimulation -> implanting electrodes
- optogenetics -> neuron activation with viral transduction
10
Q
methods to perturb neural function - noninvasive
A
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- Transcranial Altering current stimulation
- Transcranial Statris Magnetic stimulation
11
Q
visualising the anatomy of the brain
A
- computerized tomography (CAT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI)
12
Q
single-cell neurophysiology in animals
A
- By measuring AP We can uncover how brain responds to sensory info
- Insert electrode into skull + measure changes in electrical activity
- may better understand function of an area by identifying correlations in firing patterns of groups of neurons
13
Q
Electrocorticography ECOG
A
- strip of electrodes placed on brain + neuron activity is recorded
-Left for a week to monitor brain activity - can stimulate brain with electrodes to help localise + map function
-Amazing spatial + temporal resolution
14
Q
Electroencephalography EEG
A
-record signal of populations of neurons
- strength of activity is affected by conducting properties of the skull
-lower resolution than ECOG
15
Q
Event-related potentials
A
- determine how a task modulates brain activity
- Align EEG with trials relative to the event + average them
