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PRITE > Neuroscience--neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neuroscience--neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine release in what structure represents common final event associated with reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?

A

Nucleus accumbens

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2
Q

Role of glycine at NMDA receptor?

A

Obligate coagonist

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3
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is the least to mature in the CNS of children and adolescents?

A

Cholinergic

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4
Q

A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH

A

gamma hydroxybutyrate

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5
Q

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory

A

glycine

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6
Q

Neurochemical that reinforces effects of drugs of abuse acutely

A

dopamine

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7
Q

Decreased level of what NT is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control, and affective aggression

A

serotonin

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8
Q

Name the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of norepinephrine and dopamine

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

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9
Q

Metabolic of what hormone modulates GABA-A, seen in depression

A

progesterone

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10
Q

cation antagonist at NMDA receptor

A

magnesium

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11
Q

blocking which neuropeptide receptor provides analgesia

A

nociceptin

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12
Q

How do steroids impact the hippocampus

A

Decrease AMPA glutamate signaling

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13
Q

predominant site of endocannabinoid receptor CB1

A

presynaptic membrane

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14
Q

This peptide released into GI tract conveys feeling of satiety after food intake

A

cholecystokinin

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15
Q

Neurotransmitter that’s downregulated in ventral striatum in someone with persistent pain

A

dopamine

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16
Q

L-methylfolate helps with depression by increasing production of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by increasing what?

A

tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

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17
Q

Molecular mechanism of ethanol intoxication

A

NMDA antagonism, GABA agonism

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18
Q

Neurotransmitter that stimulates AMPA receptor

A

Glutamate

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter in sleep promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

A

GABA-A

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20
Q

What neurotransmitter system is involved in sexual arousal

A

dopamine

21
Q

Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in the brain

A

Raphe nuclei

22
Q

DA and what else regulates reward circuitory

A

GABA

23
Q

Neuroimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways

A

single photon emission CT scan

24
Q

what area of the body has the most serotonin

A

GI tract

25
Q

What neurotransmitters have been associated with anxiety

A

norepinephrine

26
Q

Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter gated, multimeric ion channels do what

A

increase probability of opening in presence of a ligand

27
Q

Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in the brain?

A

Raphe nucleus in the brain stem

28
Q

principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex

A

diffusion

29
Q

opiates inhibit CAMP dependent protein phosphorylation in

A

locus coeruleus

30
Q

Neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age

A

serotonin

31
Q

Which neurotransmitter are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover is spasticity?

A

glycine and GABA

32
Q

The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt’s with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which of the following neurotransmitters?

A

glycine

33
Q

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain

A

ventral tegmental area

34
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with reward and reinforcement in nicotine dependence

A

dopamine

35
Q

Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of

A

adenosine

36
Q

Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter

A

endocannabinoids

37
Q

Chatacterisitics of Ach receptors in cerebral cortex

A

Both inhibitory and excitatory

38
Q

Neurohormone for social bonding

A

oxytocin

39
Q

Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality

A

5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)

40
Q

What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?

A

Ligand gated

41
Q

Pain by neurogenic inflammaton mediated by

A

substance P

42
Q

Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone’s anti-glucocorticoid properties

A

DHEA

43
Q

Activation of this receptor is likely responsible for anti-anxiety, motor impairment, and sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol

A

GABA-A

44
Q

Neurotransmitter regulating sleep and wakefulness

A

histamine

45
Q

what neurotransmitter is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

dopamine

46
Q

which of the following levels would be affected what changes in tyrosine hydroxylase levels: dopaminergic, glutaminergic, gabaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic

A

dopaminergic

47
Q

Blockade of which receptor causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotic and antidepressants

A

histamine

48
Q

what neurotransmitter present in the periacqueductal gray matter is involved in the mediation of pain

A

endorphins

49
Q

which neurotransmitter, if dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia

A

glutamate

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