Neuroscience--neurotransmitters Flashcards
Dopamine release in what structure represents common final event associated with reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?
Nucleus accumbens
Role of glycine at NMDA receptor?
Obligate coagonist
Which neurotransmitter system is the least to mature in the CNS of children and adolescents?
Cholinergic
A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH
gamma hydroxybutyrate
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory
glycine
Neurochemical that reinforces effects of drugs of abuse acutely
dopamine
Decreased level of what NT is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control, and affective aggression
serotonin
Name the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of norepinephrine and dopamine
tyrosine hydroxylase
Metabolic of what hormone modulates GABA-A, seen in depression
progesterone
cation antagonist at NMDA receptor
magnesium
blocking which neuropeptide receptor provides analgesia
nociceptin
How do steroids impact the hippocampus
Decrease AMPA glutamate signaling
predominant site of endocannabinoid receptor CB1
presynaptic membrane
This peptide released into GI tract conveys feeling of satiety after food intake
cholecystokinin
Neurotransmitter that’s downregulated in ventral striatum in someone with persistent pain
dopamine
L-methylfolate helps with depression by increasing production of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by increasing what?
tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
Molecular mechanism of ethanol intoxication
NMDA antagonism, GABA agonism
Neurotransmitter that stimulates AMPA receptor
Glutamate
Neurotransmitter in sleep promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
GABA-A
What neurotransmitter system is involved in sexual arousal
dopamine
Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in the brain
Raphe nuclei
DA and what else regulates reward circuitory
GABA
Neuroimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways
single photon emission CT scan
what area of the body has the most serotonin
GI tract
What neurotransmitters have been associated with anxiety
norepinephrine
Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter gated, multimeric ion channels do what
increase probability of opening in presence of a ligand
Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in the brain?
Raphe nucleus in the brain stem
principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex
diffusion
opiates inhibit CAMP dependent protein phosphorylation in
locus coeruleus
Neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age
serotonin
Which neurotransmitter are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover is spasticity?
glycine and GABA
The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt’s with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which of the following neurotransmitters?
glycine
In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain
ventral tegmental area
Neurotransmitter associated with reward and reinforcement in nicotine dependence
dopamine
Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of
adenosine
Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter
endocannabinoids
Chatacterisitics of Ach receptors in cerebral cortex
Both inhibitory and excitatory
Neurohormone for social bonding
oxytocin
Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)
What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?
Ligand gated
Pain by neurogenic inflammaton mediated by
substance P
Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone’s anti-glucocorticoid properties
DHEA
Activation of this receptor is likely responsible for anti-anxiety, motor impairment, and sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol
GABA-A
Neurotransmitter regulating sleep and wakefulness
histamine
what neurotransmitter is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
dopamine
which of the following levels would be affected what changes in tyrosine hydroxylase levels: dopaminergic, glutaminergic, gabaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic
dopaminergic
Blockade of which receptor causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotic and antidepressants
histamine
what neurotransmitter present in the periacqueductal gray matter is involved in the mediation of pain
endorphins
which neurotransmitter, if dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia
glutamate
