Neuroscience--Neurophysiology Flashcards
Which cell types secretes innate pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-B in patients with inflammatory conditions that affect the brain?
Microglia
The cortical synaptic remodeling characteristic of normal adlescence is also believed to be associated with what neurobiological change?
Preferential loss of excitatory synapses
Relaxation state in biofeedback shows decreasing
skin conductance
How do inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression?
Increases serotonin reuptake transporters (opposite of SSRIs)
Effect of histone acetylation leads to?
activates transcription
Genetic test most efficient in sequencing protein coding regions?
whole exome sequencing
Which cells form neural circuits and scavenge for debris in the brain?
Microglia
Best time for amniocentesis to assess for genetic disorders
20 weeks
compared to genetic codes, epigenetic codes are characterized by:
dynamic three dimensional structure
Three major epigenetic mechanisms?
DNA methylation, histone modification, micro-RNAs
Hormone released from adipose tissues, enters the brain and provides negative feedback/reduces food intake, regulates fat stores?
Leptin
Process of calcium mediated long-lasting increase in AMPA receptor signal transmission
Long-term potentiation
What does the hypothalamus secrete when you are stressed?
Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH
The rapid learning demonstrated by children during the school-age years is paralleled neurodevelopmentally by which of the following brain processes?
Increase in white matter
The most important feature of postnatal brain development is an increase in what?
number of dendritic and axonal processes
What occurs when the CNS responds to an acute cortical insult?
Microglia processes retract, and the cell body enlarges
hormone release during sleep which doesn’t have a circadian rhythm pattern
growth hormone
neuronal plasticity for learning and memory is best accounted for by?
synaptic connectivity
What is a positive effect of neuroinflammatory response?
microglial propagation of cytokines with associated decreased physical activity in response to a peripheral infection
potent neuroprotective factor factor preventing neuronal cell death (apoptosis)
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide
what type of receptor is a glucocorticoid receptor?
Nuclear
how estrogen modulates effects on neuroinflammation
decreased inflammatory cytokines
What do you call a modulator that enhances receptor function when an agonist is present but does not directly activate the receptor
positive allosteric modulator
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor associated with reward properties of nicotine
a4B2
