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BIOL 2602 > Neuroscience II > Flashcards

Neuroscience II Flashcards

1
Q

interconnected neurons with no central control organ

A

nerve net

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2
Q

the localization of sensory structures at the anterior end of an animal’s body

A

cephalization

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3
Q

the structure that connects the brain to all areas of the body and together with the brain constitutes the central nervous system

A

spinal cord

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4
Q

the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

the uppermost one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

A

hindbrain

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7
Q

the middle one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

A

midbrain

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8
Q

the undermost one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

A

forebrain

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9
Q

the surface of gray matter that forms the outer part of the cerebrum of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

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10
Q

brain tissue that consists of myelinated axons that are bundled together in large numbers to form tracts

A

white matter

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11
Q

brain tissue that consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and some myelinated axons

A

gray matter

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12
Q

three layers of sheathlike membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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13
Q

fluid that exists in ventricles within the CNS and surrounds the exterior of the brain and spinal cord; it absorbs physical shocks to the brain resulting from sudden movements or blows to the head

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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14
Q

the division of the peripheral nervous system that senses external environment conditions and controls skeletal muscles

A

somatic nervous system

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15
Q

the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates homeostasis and organ function

A

autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

the division if the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for rapidly activating body systems to provide immediate energy in response to danger or stress

A

sympathetic division

17
Q

the division if the autonomic nervous system that is involved in maintaining and restoring body functions

A

parasympathetic division

18
Q

rest and digest response
the response associated with nonstressful states such as feeding; mediated by the parasympathetic branch of the automonic nervous system

A

rest and digest response

19
Q

the part of the hindbrain that is responsible, along with the pons, for monitoring and coordinating body movements

A

cerebellum

20
Q

the part of the hindbrain, along with the cerebellum, have an integrative motor function; also plays a role in regulated breathing

A

pons

21
Q

the part of the hindbrain that coordinates many processes that maintain homeostasis like breathing

A

medulla oblongata

22
Q

the part if the brain composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain

A

brainstem

23
Q

a region of the forebrain that plays a major role in relaying sensory information of appropriate parts of the cerebrum and sending output from the cerebrum and to other parts of the brain

A

thalamus

24
Q

a part of the brain ventral to the thalamus; it controls function related to growth, reproduction, and metabolism, and regulates many basic behaviors such as eating and drinking

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

a region of the forebrain that contains the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

26
Q

two halves of the cerebrum

A

hemispheres

27
Q

the major tract that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

28
Q

important in functions like judgement and conscious thought

A

frontal lobe

29
Q

receives and interprets sensory input from visual and somatic pathways

A

parietal lobe

30
Q

controls aspects of visual perception and color recognition

A

occipital lobe

31
Q

necessary for language, hearing, and some types of memory

A

temporal lobe

32
Q

clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the forebrain that surround the thalamus and lie beneath the cerebral cortex; involved in planning and learning movements

A

basal nuclei

33
Q

the areas involved in the formation and expression of emotion; also plays a role in learning, memory, and the perception of cells

A

limbic system

34
Q

part of the limbic system of the forebrain; carry information about odors to the brain

A

olfactory bulbs

35
Q

area of the limbic system of the forebrain; known to be critical for understanding and remembering emotional situations

A

amygdala

36
Q

area of the limbic system of the forebrain; functions in establishing memories for spatial location, facts, and the sequence of events

A

hippocampus

37
Q

long-lasting strengthening of the connection between neurons that is believed to be part of the mechanisms of learning and memory

A

long term potential

38
Q

a change in the strength of the connection between two neurons, which occurs as a result of learning

A

synaptic plasticity

BIOL 2602 (6 decks)

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