Circulatory and Respiratory System

Question 1

a fluid connective tissue consisting of cells and cell fragments suspended in a solution of water containing dissolved nutrients, proteins, gasses, and other molecules

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

a thin walled vessel that is the site of water and solute exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

a chamber that collects blood from the tissues

Answer 5

atrium

Question 6

a chamber that pumps blood out of the heart

Answer 6

ventricle

Question 7

the circuit of a double circulation in which blood is pumped from the left side of an animals heart to the body to drop off O2 and nutrients and pick up CO2 and wastes, the blood returns to the right side of the heart

Answer 7

systemic circulation

Question 8

the circuit in a double circulation in which blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide

Answer 8

pulmonary circulation

Question 9

the fluid part of blood that contains water and dissolved solutes

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

a cell that develops from the marrow of certain bones of vertebrates;all leukocytes (wbc) perform vital functions that defend body against infection and disease

Answer 10

leukocytes

Question 11

a cell that serves the critical function of transporting oxygen throughout an animal’s body

Answer 11

erythrocytes

Question 12

cell fragments in the blood of mammals that play a crucial role in the formation of blood clots

Answer 12

platelets

Question 13

a large vessel that exits a ventricle of the heart and leads to the systemic circulation

Answer 13

aorta

Question 14

the arteries that bring back blood from the right ventricle to lungs with a double circulation

Answer 14

pulmonary arteries

Question 15

a one way valve into a ventricle of the vertebrate heart through which blood moves from an atrium

Answer 15

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 16

one-way valve into the aorta or the pulmonary trunk through which blood is pumped from the left to the right ventricle

Answer 16

semilunar valves

Question 17

a collection of modified cardiac cells in the right atrium that spontaneously and rhythmically generates action potentials that spread across the entire atria (pacemaker of heart)

Answer 17

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 18

specialized cardiac cells that sit near the junction between the atria and ventricles and conduct the electrical events from the atria to the ventricles

Answer 18

atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 19

first phase of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles fill with blood coming from the atria through the open AV valves

Answer 19

diastole

Question 20

second phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject the blood through the open semilunar valves

Answer 20

systole