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Cognitive Psychology > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of action potential

A

All-or-none law: either total potential or no potential (like light switch)
Refractory period: time needed to regenerate potential in order to fire again (like toilet flushing)

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2
Q

Neuronal excitation

A

Increasing the firing of a neuron

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3
Q

Neuronal inhibition

A

Decreasing the firing of a neuron

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4
Q

Medulla

A

Lower area of brain

Breathing, heart rate, swallowing/digestion

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Lower area of brain

Aggression, sex drive

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

Lower area of brain

Coordination of motor movements, multitasking/ switching from one activity to the next

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7
Q

Thalamus

A

Lower area of brain

Transportation of raw sensory data to higher order processing regions of brain

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8
Q

Neocortex/cerebral cortex/cortex

A

Higher order processing regions of brain

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9
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects right and left sides of brain

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10
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Located in back portion of cortex (touching temporal and parietal lobes)
Sight
Location of visual cortex

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11
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Located in bottom portion of cortex (touching parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes)
Hearing and language

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12
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Located in top middle portion of cortex (touching frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes)
Touch
Location of somatosensory cortex

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Located in front portion of cortex (touching parietal and temporal lobes)
Higher order cognition (focusing, shifting focus, decision making, problem solving)
Location of primary motor cortex

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14
Q

Hippocampal region

A

Towards center of brain, but below cortex
Important for memory (particularly forming new memories)
Interior to temporal lobe

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15
Q

Why smells can be such powerful memory triggers

A

Area for processing smell is near area for processing memories

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16
Q

Amygdala

A 
Emotion processing (particularly fight or flight)
Social processing
17
Q

Location of Broca’s area

A

Temporal lobe (near frontal lobe)

18
Q

Location of Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal lobe (near parietal lobe)

19
Q

Organization of somatosensory cortex

A

Touching a certain area of this region of the brain corresponds to touching a certain body part
Homunculi: “little men” (represent body parts that correspond to a certain area of this region)

20
Q

Methods used to study brain anatomy

A

CT and MRI

21
Q

Methods used to study loss of brain function

A

Neuropsychology, TMS

22
Q

Methods used to measure brain activity indirectly

A

PET, fMRI

23
Q

Methods used to measure brain activity directly

A

EEG, MEG, ERP, single cell recording

24
Q

CT and MRI

A

Used to detect brain damage
MRI is more detailed than CT
CT is better at picking up certain things (brain bleeding, etc.)
MRI can be used to detect disease pathology over time

25
Q

Neuropsychology

A

Studying effects of brain damage
Often looks at double dissociation (tells us that 2 processes that normally go together are separate and independent)
Example: perception without sensation (blindsight) vs. sensation without perception (prosopagnosia- face blindness)

26
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

Magnetic field temporarily induces damage to 1 specific area of brain
Can be used to further study functions of specific areas of brain
Low spatial resolution (whole parts of brain), high temporal resolution (millisecond to second)

27
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Indirectly measure brain functioning
Radioactive tracer in bloodstream is detected by scanner
Blood flow increases in areas of brain that are active during a cognitive process
Low spatial (whole brain regions) and low temporal (minutes to hours) resolution

28
Q

fMRI

A

Indirectly measure brain functioning
Measure blood flow in brain without radioactivity
Uses magnet to line up hemoglobin molecules
Activity: loss of O2 causes stronger magnetic response
More accurate than PET
Low spatial (whole brain regions) and low temporal (minutes to hours) resolution

29
Q

Single cell recording

A

Recording electrode positioned near neuron
Reference electrode positioned outside of tissue
Difference in charge between recording and reference: action potential
High spatial (single neuron) and temporal (milliseconds to seconds) resolution

30
Q

Event-related potential (ERP)

A

Directly measure brain functioning
Small electrodes placed on person’s scalp
Each electrode picks up signals that fire together
Ideal for investigating fast processes (can pick up rapid signals)
Disadvantage: hard to pinpoint exact areas of brain
High temporal (milliseconds to seconds), but low spatial (whole areas of brain) resolution

Cognitive Psychology (13 decks)

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