Neuropsychology Flashcards
Global unity
I am one person in the center of one unified world
The binding problem
How is the unity of consciousness produced by the brain?
Seems to be no unified anatomical center in the brain where all the perceptual information is integrated
Apperceptive and associative Agnosia
Patient cannot recognize visual objects.
No problem with memory, general intelligence or qualia.
Apperceptive cannot copy objects while associative can.
Chromatic colors
Rainbow
Achromatic colors
Grayscale
Achromatopsia
Brain damage in V4 resulting in severe loss of color vision
Hemi-Achromatopsia
Damage to V4 in only one hemisphere, resulting in loss of color vision in one visual field.
Akinetopsia
Damage to area V5 resulting in visual motion blindness.
Movements can appear to be frozen, since you are unable to perceive movements.
Prosopagnosia
Deficit of face recognition. No problem with seeing faces, but inability to recognize them and seeing them as coherent objects.
Semantic dementia
Loss of meaningfulness of objects.
Loss of common knowledge
Neglect
Damage to right posteror parietal lobe.
Stimuli from the left side of the physical space do not reach consciousness, the left side of conscious perceptual space has disappeared and can not be attended.
Simultanagnosia
Only one object at a time can be seen.
Balint´s syndrome
Can only see one object at a time.
Patient is lost in space, cannot locate objects or interact with them
Explicit memory
Conscious experienced information, reportable content
Implicit memory
Nonconscious experienced information, guide actions and motor skills. Unable to report about it.
Amnesia
Deficit of autobiographical memory
Retrograde Amnesia
Unable to remember things before the accident
Anterograde Amnesia
Unable to form new memories
Global Amnesia
Unable to remember thing before the accident and unable to form new memories after the accident.
Mental time travel is restricted or impossible
Anosognosia
Unawareness of a specific deficit.
E.g unawareness that one is suffering from neglect
Somatoparaphrenia
Unawareness of denial of ownership of body parts.
Beliefs that ones own body parts are not their own.
Often occur with Anosgnosia after right parietal lobe damage.
Split-brain
Separation of the two hemispheres.
Patient acts, speak and feel no different.
Lest hemisphere consciousness
Phenomenal consciousness + Reflective consciousness
Right hemisphere consciousness
Only phenomenal consciousness?
Left hemisphere interpreter
Maintains the status quo and defense core beliefs and positive interpretations.
Uses freudian defense mechanisms.
Produces explanations, casual interpretations and confabulations
Right hemisphere Devil´s advocate
Critically monitors beliefs.
Questions, challenges and overthrows old beliefs if they do not correspond to reality.
Initiates evolutions and paradigm shifts in belief system.
Delusion
A belief that for others seems obviously false, but still is held by the person with high condition even if in the face of contrary evidence
Capgras delusion
Belief that familiar people are not the same anymore.
They have been replaced by similar-looking impostors
Fregoli delusion
Belief that strangers are familiar people in disguise
Delusional misidentification
Belief that the identification of a person, object or place has been changed or altered.
Includes Capgras and Feloni delusions.
Cotard delusion
The belief of being dead.
‘’ I am dead, my body have died, I do not exist anymore’’
Explicit information
Information that enters consciousness.
Becomes content of primary consciousness and has to access reflective consciousness.
Can be experienced and reported
Implicit information
Remains outside of consciousness.
Is processed bu the brain non-consciously and cannot be experienced or reported.
Blindsight
Damage to primary visual cortex.
The stimuli reaches the primary visual cortex, but cannot be consciously processed.
Blindness to visual stimuli that fall into the damaged part of the perceptual field. No object recognition but ability to detect and discriminate unseen visual stimuli
Phenomenal consciousness
To feel ones own existence, to have any subjective experiences.
Qualia.
The redness of red.
The hurtfulness of pain.
Access / Reflective consciousness
To think and control actions.
Inner speech, control, verbal reports, ability to describe our experiences, memory.
Spotlight of attention, selective attention to specific contents of consciousness.
Evaluating, passing a judgement, categorizing.
E.g What emotions am I feeling right now? How strong are they? Is this color more beautiful than that color?
Self - Awareness
To be someone, a conscious self.
Mental time travel : to reconstruct oneself in the past and project oneself in the future.
Embodied self : it is me performing these actions, our experiencing these things.
Dorsal visual stream
Where
Stream for action
Ventral visual stream
What
Stream for perception
