Neuroplasticity

Question 1

LTP generally refers to

Answer 1

Increase in synaptic strength

Question 2

LTP generally refers to

Answer 2

Decrease in synaptic strength

Question 3

LTP/LTD involves synaptic connections between…

Answer 3

Schaffer Collaterals & CA1 Pyramidal Cells

Question 4

Schaffer & CA1 are located where?

Answer 4

Hippocampus

Question 5

When Shaffer stimulated with high frequency APs…

Answer 5

Prolonged increase of EPSP in CA1

Question 6

What receptor is involved in LTP?

Answer 6

NMDA Glutamate

Question 7

What happens at the NMDA receptor with LTP?

Answer 7

High freq APs –> keeps Mg2+ out of NMDA receptors –> allows more Ca2+ entry

Question 8

More Ca2+ allows…

Answer 8

Stimulates kinases –> increase in # of receptors and/or channels stay open longer.
Kinases –> activates CREB –> protein synthesis –> increased synaptic connections.

Question 9

What causes LTD

Answer 9

Schaffer stimulated with low frequency APs for long periods

Question 10

Purpose of LTD

Answer 10

Decrease EPSP
OR
Bring the elevated EPSP (from LTP) back down to baseline

Question 11

Molecular Mechanism of LTD

Answer 11

Ca2+ stimulates Phosphatases

Question 12

Result of experiment with 3rd digit amputated

Answer 12

Somatotopic maps for digits 2 & 4 increased in size.

Sensory N that previously responded to 3, now respond to 2 & 4.

Question 13

Result of experiment with only using digits 2-4 to perform a task

Answer 13

Motor areas for digits 2-4 increased in size

Question 14

Somatotopic maps changing size is an example of

Answer 14

Functional Reorganization

Question 15

Which nerves can regenerate?

Answer 15

PNS

Question 16

What facilitates PNS repair? (3)

Answer 16

1. Increased gene expression of growth factors.
2. Macrophages remove debris.
3. Schwann increased production of neurotrophic factors.

Question 17

Which repairs easier: sensory or motor PNS?

Answer 17

Sensory

Question 18

What prevents CNS repair? (4)

Answer 18

1. Damaged myelin not removed - creates roadblock.
2. Oligodendrocytes produce Nogo - inhibits axon growth.
3. Astrocytes produce additional inhibitors.
4. No upregulation of growth genes.

Question 19

New research has found that production of new N in these areas is possible

Answer 19

Olfactory Bulb

Hippocampus

Question 20

New research has found that these are the only type of CNS neurons that can be produced

Answer 20

Interneurons

Question 21

New neurons in the CNS appear to arise from where?

Answer 21

Sub-Ventricular Zone