Neurophysiology

Question 1

What is the frontal lobe responsible for

Answer 1

executive functioning and personality

Question 2

what is the parietal lobe responsible for

Answer 2

motor sensor and speech

Question 3

what is the temporal lobe responsible for

Answer 3

emotions memory and circuits

Question 4

What is the occipital lobe responsible for

Answer 4

vision, language formation and sensory

Question 5

what is the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 5

coordination and balance

smooth muscle control

respiratory centers

Question 6

What kind of behaviors are linked to the prefrontal cortex

Answer 6

• attention, concentration, emotions

- obsessions/compulsions, worry pain, negative symptoms

Question 7

What kind of behaviors are linked to the nucleus accumbens

Answer 7

delusions, hallucinations, pleasure, euphoria

Question 8

What behaviors are linked to the amygdala

Answer 8

fear, anxiety and panic

Question 9

What are the behaviors linked to hypothalamus

Answer 9

sleep-wake, appetite and endocrine

Question 10

What are the monoamines (neurotransmitters)

Answer 10

serotonin

dopamine

norepinephrine

epinephrine

histamine

Question 11

what are the amino acid neurotransmitter

Answer 11

glutamate and GABA

Question 12

What is the other important neurotransmitter

Answer 12

acetylcholine - implicated in Alzheimer’s

Question 13

What area is affected by dopamine? give the MOA

Answer 13

Substantia Nigra Ventral Tegmental Area

MOA: pleasure / reward neurotransmitter

Question 14

What are the symptoms of low dopamine and excess

Answer 14

Low:

• blunting, apathy, loss of motivation, increased pain, restless leg syndrome
• neurologic sx - rigidity, shuffle, poor attention span

Excess:
- schizophrenia, excessive movements, pacing, tics, psychosis, anhedonia, anergia, hypersexuality

Question 15

What area is affected by norepi

Answer 15

Locus coeruleus lateral tegmental area

MOA: excitatory, regulates flight or fight, mood arousal, cognition, motivation increased HR, RR, BP

Question 16

What are the symptoms of excess and insufficient norepinephrine

Answer 16

Excess:
- ADHD, anxiety, hyperactivity, poor sleep, and depression

Insufficient:
- stress response system, arousal, insomnia, irritability, emotional instability and anxiety

Question 17

What is the MOA of glutamate? What are the symptoms of excess and insufficiency

Answer 17

MOA: excitatory, learning, memory and alertness
- most prevalent neurotransmitter in body

Excess: panic attacks, anxiety, impulsivity, OCD, depression

Insufficient: agitation, insomnia, memory los, depression, low energy

Question 18

give MOA of GABA and symptoms of excess/insufficiency

Answer 18

MOA:
- neurochemical - antianxiety, anticonvulsant

Excess:
- excessive sleepiness, memory problems, dizziness, weakness, slurred speech, low BP and RR

Insufficient:
- anxiety, depression, insomnia, poor concentration/focus and seizure disorders

Question 19

Where is serotonin manufactured in the brain? give MOA, and symptoms of excess/insufficiency

Answer 19

Raphe nucleus

MOA:
- primarily regulates mood, anxiety, appetite, sleep and pain

Excess:
- serotonin syndrome

Insufficient;
- depression, anxiety, insomnia, low pain threshold, carb cravings and constipation

Question 20

What are Tryptophan foods needed for? What are those food

Answer 20

Needed to help manufacture Serotonin

Foods: oats, lentils, whole wheat, brown rice

Question 21

Where is Acetylcholine manufactured? What is low levels implicated in?

Answer 21

Brainstem NT center in basal forebrain

Low: implicated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

Question 22

Where is Histamine located in the brain? What does it regulate

Answer 22

Tuberomammillary nucleus in the hypothalamus

Regulates sleep-wake switch