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Q Bank Quickies > Neuropharm > Flashcards

Neuropharm Flashcards

1
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist. Decreases aqueous humor synthesis

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2
Q

Acetazolamide for the eye?

A

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase.

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3
Q

What do you use in emergency glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine. Muscarinic, very effective at opening canal of Schlemm via ciliary contraction.

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4
Q

Epinephrine for glaucoma?

A

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction but causes mydraisis, so don’t use in closed angle glaucoma

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5
Q

Latanoprost. Use and AE

A

PGFalpha. Increases outflow of aqueous humor for glaucoma, but darkens color of iris

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6
Q

Meperidine

A

Think of meeper with his pinpoint pupils. This is an opioid

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7
Q

Diphenoxylate uses

A

Opioid used to treat diarrhea

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8
Q

Butorphanol

A

Mu opioid receptor partial agonist and kappa opioid receptor agonist, analgesia and less resp depression than full opioid agonists.

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9
Q

Tramadol vs trazadone

A

Tram it all to hell. My back hurts all the time but I don’t want opioids! Tram it, now I’m having seizures. Tramadol = weak opioid agonist and also inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake.
Trazadone = atypical antidepressant for insomnia –> trazabone

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10
Q

What do you do for status epilepticus?

A
  1. IV lorazepam. 2. Phenytoin to prevent recurrence. If still seizing, start phenobarbital. If still seizing, intubate and give genearl anesthesia.
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11
Q

First line for myoclonic seizures?

A

Valproic acid

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12
Q

Primidone

A

Prodrug for phenobarbital.

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13
Q

AE’s of phenobarbital

A

Inducer of P450 and contraindicated in porphyria

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14
Q

Big AE of valproic acid

A

Hepatotoxicity

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15
Q

Big AE of lamotrigine

A

Steven Johnson

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16
Q

Big AE of topiramate

A

Induces metabolism of estrogen– makes OCPs not work

17
Q

Benzos MOA vs barbiturates

A

Benzos increase frequency of channel opening, barbs increase duration

18
Q

Diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, alprazolam, clorazepate, estazolam. Duration of actions?

A 
Diazepam: long
Lorazepam: Medium
Triazolam: short
Temazepam: Medium
Oxazepam: short
Midazolam: short
Chlordiazepoxide: long
Flurazepam: long
Alprazolam: short
Clorazepate: long
Estazolam: medium
19
Q

Zolpidem

A

Ambien. Nonbenzo but acts at benzo site. Lower dependence risk and lower hangover. Others - zaleplon, eszopiclone

20
Q

2 days to 4 weeks after had anesthesia patient had centrilobular hepatic necrosis with increased LFTs. 80% mortality. What was the anesthetic?

A

Halothane -> hepatotoxicity. H!

21
Q

AE of methyoxyflurane

A

Nephrotoxicity (M –> N)

22
Q

AE of enflurane

A

Seizures. E–> epilepsy

23
Q

How is the barbiturate effect terminated?

A

Rapid redistribution into tissue and fat.

24
Q

Propofol

A

Used for ICU sedation, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures. Potentiates GABA-A, but not barb

25
Q

Succinylcholine: MOA and AE’s

A

Phase I: Depolarization –> inactivation –> flaccid paralysis
Phase II: Desensitized –> acts like nondepolarizing block
AEs: hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia

26
Q

Dantrolene MOA

A

Blocks RyR to treat malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

27
Q

Pramipexole

A

DA agonist for PD

28
Q

“capone” drugs

A

LIke Mafia taking care of L-dopa, “taking care of” COMT to increased DA entering brain. Still need carbidopa or ineffective. Tolcapone does peripheral and central and has hepatotoxicity. Entacapone just does peripheral.

29
Q

What do you use to treat tremor predominant parkinsons?

A

Benztropine

30
Q

B6 effect on L dopa?

A

Increases peripheral metabolism so less enters brain

31
Q

Memantine vs amantadine

A

Memantine = NMDA antagonist to prevent excitotoxicity in Alzheimer’s, amantadine = influenza drug that increases DA release for PD.

32
Q

Donepezil

A

AChEi. NOT ACEi. Used to treat Alzheimer’s

33
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Not tricyclic… headache drug! 5HT1B/1D agonist. Inhibits trigeminal nerve activation, prevents vasoactive peptide release, induces vasoconstriction. 5 HT blocks pain pathway, blocks cGRP and substance P release.

Q Bank Quickies (11 decks)

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