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Neurobiology of Disease > Neuropeptides > Flashcards

Neuropeptides Flashcards

1
Q

What are Neurotransmitters?

A
  • Fast vesicle recycling, ultra-short distance, and ionotropic receptors
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2
Q

What are neuropeptides?

A
  • Slow vesicle cycling
  • Local diffusion
  • G-protein coupled receptors
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3
Q

What are examples of neuropeptides?

A
  • Vasopressin
  • Sunstance P
  • NPY etc
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4
Q

Define a neuropeptide?

A

A small protein like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other.

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5
Q

What are forms of chemical signalling?

A
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6
Q

What are Neuropeptides responsible for?

A
  • Neuronal signallling molecules
  • Responsible for brain function:
    1. Analgesia
    2. Food intake
    3. Learning & memory
    4. Metabolism, reproduction
    5. Social behaviours
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7
Q

What are the differences between syhthesis of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP-Synth in RER and golgi apparatus
  • NT-Synth in cytosol of presynaptic neuron terminals
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8
Q

What are the differences between concentrations of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Synth in low concs
  • NT - Synth in high conc
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9
Q

What are the differences between the location of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Found all over neuron
  • NT - Only found in axon terminals of presyn neurons
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10
Q

What are the differences between where Neurotransmitter and neuropeptides are stored?

A
  • NP - Stored in large dense-core vesicles
  • NT - Stored in small secretory vesicles
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11
Q

What are the differences between the molecular weight of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - High molecular weight
  • NT - Low
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12
Q

What are the differences between the activity of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Slow acting
  • NT - Fast acting
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13
Q

What are the differences between the response of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Produce slow response
  • NT - Produce acute response
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14
Q

What are the differences between the duration of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Prolonged action
  • NT - Trigger short-term response
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15
Q

What are the differences between the release of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Axonal streaming of NT occurs in few cm/day
  • NT - Released within few milliseconds upon arrival of AP
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16
Q

What are the differences between what Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides are released with?

A
  • NP - Released to synaptic cleft/surroundings along woth another NT
  • NT - Released individually depending on AP
17
Q

What are the differences between cytosolic Ca2+ conc of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Released at low cytosolic Ca2+ conc
  • NT - Released at high Cytosolic Ca2+ conc
18
Q

What are the differences between the site of action of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - Have different action site thn origin - Diffusion
  • NT - Released in direct appostion to target cells
19
Q

What are the differences between potency of Neurotransmitter vs neuropeptides?

A
  • NP - ~1000 times more potent than NTs
  • NT - Less potent comp to NP
20
Q

What are large dense core vesicles?

A
  • 70-200nm
  • Cont NP, growth factors and classical NT and hormones
  • Synth in cell body
  • Transported to terminals
  • No recycling
  • Fewer than small electron translucent vesicles
  • Located distant from active zone
  • Rel with high freq trains of AP
  • Provide diffuse, slow neuromodulatory actions
21
Q

What is Tachykinin (TAC)?

A
  • Largest family of neuropeptides
  • Characteristic:
    1. Conserved COOH terminal seq but varying N-terminal
22
Q

What is neuropeptide Y? (NPY)

A
  • 36 AA
  • Acts as NT in the brain & ANS
23
Q

What do NPY receptors do?

A
  • NPY receptors – NPY1R, Y2R, Y4R, Y5R, and Y6R – G-protein coupled receptors which lead to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and finally the inhibition of cAMP accumulation or PLC activation
  • NPY1,5,6 are inhibitor
  • NPY2,4 are excitatory
24
Q

What is substance P?

A
  • Belongs to TAC neruopeptide family
25
Q

What are the receptors for substance P?

A
  • NKIR -GPCR
  • AA residues that are responsible for binding SP and its antagonists are present in extracellular loops and transmem regions of NK1
26
Q

What are SP antagonists?

A
  • E.g. Capsacin is clinically used as analgesic and anti-inf agent
27
Q

Why else is substance P interesting?

A
  • SP could promote wound healing of non-healing ulcers in humans
  • SP is a potent vasodilator.
28
Q

What is Somatostatin siganlling?

A
  • 2 active forms of the peptide exists.
  • Their activity overlaps
  • 14 AA works mainly in the brain
  • 28 AA works mainly in the GI tract
  • Functions such as motor activity, sleep, sensory, and cognitive processes,
  • Involved in Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s disease, depression, and schizophrenia
  • Somatostatin neurones in the central amygdala mediate anxiety

Neurobiology of Disease (22 decks)

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