Neurons,Synapses+Axons

Question 1

multipolar neuron

Answer 1

nerve cell with many processes; most neurons are like this

Question 2

bipolar neuron

Answer 2

neuron with two processes fulfilling the same function

Question 3

pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 3

nerve cell with one process that branches near to the cell body forming two equivalent neurits


Question 4

unipolar neuron

Answer 4

nerve cell with only one process

Question 5

paravertebral ganglia

Answer 5

chain of ganglia connected with nerve trunks along the spinal cord that contains sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 6

Nissl substance

Answer 6

characteristic component of nerve cells corresponding to rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

posttetanic potentiation

Answer 7

increased efficacy of synaptic transmission following presynaptic stimulation at a high frequency


Question 8

dendrite

Answer 8

fine process of a neuron that typically provide the main receptive area for synaptic inputs from other neurons


Question 9

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 9

collection of somata of primary sensory neurons on the nerve trunk entering the spinal cord on the dorsal surface

Question 10

postganglionic neuron

Answer 10

autonomic neuron located in a peripheral ganglion that receives input from preganglionic neurons and synapses onto target organs


Question 11

preganglionic neuron

Answer 11

autonomic neuron located in the central nervous system that sends an axon into the periphery and synapses onto postganglionic cells

Question 12

long term potentiation (LPT)

Answer 12

long lasting increase of efficacy in a synapse following strong stimulation in some parts of the CNS

Question 13

facilitation

Answer 13

temporal increase of synaptic efficacy due to preceding activation of that synapse


Question 14

neuromuscular endplate

Answer 14

synapse between the motoneuron and the muscle fiber


Question 15

axon

Answer 15

neurit, a process of neurons specialized for the transmission of excitation


Question 16

neurit

Answer 16

processes of neuronal cells

Question 17

oligodendrocyte

Answer 17

glia cell in the central nervous system forming myelin sheet around axons passing through its vicinity


Question 18

projection neuron

Answer 18

nerve cell with a long axon running to remote targets


Question 19

collateral processes

Answer 19

branches of an axon terminating in locations other than the major target location

Question 20

internode

Answer 20

space along a myelinated axon that is covered by a myelinating glial cell (Schwann cell or oligodendrocyte)


Question 21

myelin sheet

Answer 21

insulation around axons formed by Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes wrapping the axon into 50-100 layers of membrane


Question 22

node of Ranvier

Answer 22

one of the regularly spaced interruptions of the myelin sheath between two Schwann cells along an axon


Question 23

Schwann cell

Answer 23

glia cell forming myelin sheeth around axons at the periphery