Neurons & Glial Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are dendritic spines?

A

tiny protrusions from dendrites form contacts with axons of other neurons

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2
Q

What are the different types of dendritic spines?

A

filopodia, long thin, thin, stubby, mushroom, branched

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3
Q

Why are there different types of dendritic spines?

A

they align with different contact points on axons

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4
Q

What do scaffold proteins do in synapses?

A

organize the synapse, keep the shape

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5
Q

Where is the longest axon in your body located?

A

the leg

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5
Q

What are the features you can use to distinguish between neurons?

A

degree of convergence (means number of inputs, related to branching of dendrites)

degree of divergence (means number of outputs, realted to branching of axons)

shape of cell body/branches

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6
Q

What are some neuron types that we went over in class?

A

pyramidal, spiny stellate, bitufted, double bouquest, small and large basket, chandelier, purkinje

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7
Q

What is the physical difference between filopodia and long thin?

A

filopedia is greater than 2 micrometers, long thin is less than 2 micrometers but more than 1

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8
Q

What do molecular markers allow for?

A

distinguish neurons from each other

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9
Q

Molecular markers are by the expression of?

A

calcium binding, proteins, and neuropeptides

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10
Q

Aside from appearence and molecular markers how can neurons be identified?

A

distinct activity patterns, which can be recorded by single neurons

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11
Q

What does fast spiking look like?

A

a lot of spikes really close together for the entire duration

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12
Q

What does chattering look like?

A

groups of spikes with space between them

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13
Q

What does intrinsically bursting look like?

A

group of spikes and then normal spiking for rest

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14
Q

Do interneurons have axons?

A

yes, local ones have short ones and relay ones have long ones

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15
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

homeostasis, regeneration, can act as stem cells

16
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

myelinate many axons at same time in CNS

17
Q

What is the function of schwann cells?

A

myelinate 1 axon in the PNS

18
Q

What is the function of microglial cells?

A

macrophages of nervous system, remove debris from cell injury

19
Q

What do macroglia cells include?

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glioblasts (85% of cells)

20
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

form an epithelial layer that lines the ventricles and central canal of the brain and spinal cord respectively

21
Q

What is the vascular function of pericytes?

A

regulation of cerebral blood flow, maintenance of BBB, control of vascular development, and angiogenesis (form new blood vessels)

22
Q

What does pericyte dysfunction contribute to?

A

progression of vascular diseases (stroke) and neurodegenerative diseases (alzheimers)

23
Q

What is the function of satellite glial cells?

A

provide structure, nutrients, interact with neuroactive chemicals

24
Q

What is the function of meningeal fibroblasts?

A

vital source of signals that control neuronal migration and neurogensis