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Neuroanatomy > Neurons, Glia, CNS Histology > Flashcards

Neurons, Glia, CNS Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Neural Cell Differentiation

A

growth and transcription factors that up regulate expression of pro-neural genes

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2
Q

Lateral Inhibition

A

progenitor cell differentiates into neurons

cell produces proteins that inhibit pro-neural gene expression in adjacent cells

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3
Q

Notch

A

transmembrane protein

inhibits expression of pro-neural gene

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4
Q

Multipolar

A

multiple dendrites, one axon

motor

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5
Q

Pseudounipolar

A

one axon with common stem and 2 sending branches

sensory

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6
Q

Bipolar

A

one dendrite, one axon

specialized, senses

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7
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

taste and olfactory

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8
Q

Photoreceptors

A

rods and cones in retina

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9
Q

Transduction

A

converting sensory input into a form interpretable by the nervous system

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10
Q

Motor Neurons

A

end in terminal arbors

effect skeletal muscles

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11
Q

Five steps of Transmission

A 
Synthesis
Storage
Transport
Release
Reuptake/ destruction
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12
Q

Soma

A

site of transcription and translation

produce substances transported to dendrites, axons, axon terminals

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13
Q

Microtubules

A

transport neurotransmitters down axon

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14
Q

Kinesins

A

anterograde transport

use ATP

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15
Q

Fast Anterograde Transport

A

carries synaptic vesicles, membrane proteins, neurotransmitters, mitochondria

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16
Q

Slow Anterograde Transport

A

carries cytosolic proteins

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17
Q

Dyneins

A

Retrograde transport
allows neuron to respond to growth factors
viruses and toxins

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18
Q

Column

A

vertical group of neurons

spinal cord

19
Q

Lamina and Stratum

A

thin and thick layers

horizontal layer of neurons

20
Q

Fasciculus and Lemniscus Tracts

A

bundle of parallel neurons in CNS

21
Q

Nucleus

A

in CNS

22
Q

Ganglion

A

in PNS

23
Q

Astrocytes

A

support neurons, isolate CNS from other tissue, scar formation
star appearance

24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

provide myelin sheaths neurons in CNS

25
Q

Microglia

A

immune and inflammatory functions

macrophages of CNS

26
Q

Ependimal Cells

A

neuroepithelium

27
Q

Protoplasmic Astrocyte

A

in gray matter

28
Q

Fibrous Astrocyte

A

in white matter

29
Q

How astrocytes provide support to neurons

A

maintain pH, lower extracellular K
Secrete growth factors and cytokines- IL-1
remove glutamate from synapses
help neuronal metabolism

30
Q

Injury to CNS

A

form astrocyte scar from proliferation of astrocytes

31
Q

End Feet

A

end of astrocytes that join to insulate CNS from other tissues- Glia limitans

32
Q

Neurovascular Unit

A

all parts of BBB

Pericytes, astrocytes, perivascular macrophages

33
Q

Rabies

A

CNS

travels to salivary glands by anterograde transport

34
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani toxin

retrograde transport from site of infection

35
Q

Varicella zoster

shingles

A

lies dormant in sensory ganglia and can reactivate

36
Q

Herpes simplex

A

lies dormant in sensory ganglia and can reactivate

can cause encephalitis

37
Q

Astrocytoma

A

70% of neuroglial tumors
from astrocytes
normally in frontal lobe in adults

38
Q

Meningioma

A

most common benign brain tumor
from meningothelial cells in arachnoid membrane
common cause of focal seizures

39
Q

Medullablastoma

A

small cell tumor arising from embryonal neural cells- mostly in kids

40
Q

Ependymoma

A

from ependymal cells

41
Q

Oligodendroglioma

A

from oligodendrocytes

frontal lobe calcification

42
Q

CNS Lymphoma

A

most are high grade B cell non Hodgkin lymphomas

occur in AIDS

43
Q

Metastases

A

most common brain malignancy

lung, breast, skin, kidney, GI, prostate

Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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