Neurons + Glia Flashcards
What are the 6 types of glial cells
Schwann Cells
Ogliodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Radial Glia
Micro glia
satellite cells
What is the job of Schwann cells
produce myelin in the PNS
What is the job of Ogliodendrocytes
Produces myelin in the CNS
What is the job of Satellite cells
Supports the PNS
What is the job of Astrocytes
Supports the CNS (most numerous)
- Dilate blood vessels
- maintain chemical environment
- Maintains the Blood-brain barrier
What is the job of Radial Glia
Stem cells (Not glia)
Guides migration of Neurons during embryo
What is the job of Microglia
CNS macrophages (act as Phagocytes)
- Removes Dead, dying, damaged neurons
- Removes waste material from brain
- mobilized after infections
Where are Astrocytes found
White matter
What does the Blood brain barrier do
Surrounds brain and blocks out most chemicals and protects the brain as most neurons in brain tend not to regenerate
How do certain chemicals get past the Blood-brain barrier
Fat-soluble, glucose, amino acids utilize active transport to cross the barrier
What does myelination aid in
Insulating axons and clustering sodium channels at the nodes of Ranvier
What nourishment do vertebrate neurons require
Depends entirely on glucose
Needs a steady supply of oxygen
(20% of O2 is used by brain)
Where are the Motor neuron Somas located within the spinal cord
The Ventral horn
Where are the Sensory neuron somas located within the spinal cord
The Dorsal Root Ganglion
What are the uses of adhesion molecules at synapse terminals
to keep synapses tight and together and with synapse formation
plasticity helps to change synapses
How do proteins/vesicles get to synapse
Proteins and Vesicles moves along microtubule cytoskeleton
What are microtubules made from
Protofilament
What aids in the structure of the Axons
Actinfilament/Neurofilament + Microfilament
Which end of the microtubules in Axons point away from the cell body
the Positive (+) end
(this is mixed in dendrites)
What is the plus end of the microtubules made of
Constructed by Tublin dimers (alpha , beta tublin)
What are the two motor proteins
Kinesin + Dynein
Which protein moves Anterograde
Anterograde = walk to (+) end from cell body
Kinesin
Which Motor Protein moves Retrograde
Retrograde = Walks to (-) end to the cell body
What does Kinesis do
Walks anterograde and moves adhesion proteins, other proteins and membranes down to end
What does Dynein do
walks retrograde back up
- Makes repairs on neuron
- moves growth factors from axon terminals to nucleus
- moves signals from Axons to nodes
