Neurons And Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Structures of neurones

Answer 1

Cell body
Axon
Nucleus
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Terminal buttons
Synapse

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

The basic building blocks of the nervous system, neurones are nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

Question 3

What are the three types of neurones

Answer 3

• sensory
• relay
• motor

Question 4

Sensory neurons

Answer 4

These carry messages from the PNS to the CNS
Long dendrites and short axons

Question 5

Relay neurons

Answer 5

These connect the sensory neurons to motor or other relay neurons
They have short dendrites and short axons

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

These connects the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands
They have short dendrites and long axons

Question 7

Electrical transmission

Answer 7

Positive charge leads to action potential

Question 8

Synaptic transmission

Answer 8

The process by with neighbouring neurons communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the synapse that separates them

Question 9

Synaptic transmission process

Answer 9

• Neurotransmitters are carried in synaptic vesicles down the axon
• The neurotransmitters are taken to the pre synaptic nerve terminals
• They are released through the synapse
• They are excepted by the postsynaptic receptor sites on the dendrite

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

Neurones separated by very tiny gap

Question 11

Neurotransmitter

Answer 11

Specialist functions e.g acetylcholine for muscle contraction

Question 12

Excitation

Answer 12

Adrenaline makes the neurone becomes positively charged and more likely to fire

Question 13

Inhibition

Answer 13

Serotonin makes the neurone becomes negatively charged and less likely to fire

Question 14

Summation

Answer 14

Impulses are added up, net effect is excitatory or inhibitory