Biological Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Controlled by internal body clocks (endogenous pacemakers) and external cues (exogenous zeitgebers)

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2
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms, subject to a 24 hour cycle

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3
Q

Two examples of circadian rhythms

A

Sleep/Wake cycle
Core body temperature

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4
Q

The sleep/wake cycle

A

Governed by daylight and by biological clock (SCN), gets light information from the eyes

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5
Q

Siffre’s cave study

A

His free running rhythm extended slightly to 25 hours when deprived of daylight

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6
Q

Other research on circadian rhythms
(Support for exogenous Zeitgebers)

A

Support for exogenous zeitgebers entraining internal clock (Aschoff and Weavers, bunker, natural rhythm longer)

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7
Q

Other research on circadian rhythms
(Support for endogenous cues)

A

Support for endogenous cues if difference too big (Folkard cave with 22 hour day)

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8
Q

Biological rhythms evaluation points- Shift work

A

STRENGTH

Reduced concentration at 6 am, more accidents (Boivin) Heart disease three times more likely (Knutsson)

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9
Q

Biological rhythms evaluation points- Counter point to shift work

A

LIMITATION

Studies are correlational, effects may be due to disruptive social routines (Solomon)

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10
Q

Biological rhythms evaluation points- Medical treatment

A

STRENGTH

Timing of drugs (Chronotherapeutics), aspirin more effective at night for a heart attack (Bonten)

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11
Q

Biological rhythms evaluation points- Individual differences

A

LIMITATION

Cycle length is vary (13 to 65 hours, Czeisler), ‘larks’ and ‘owls’ (Duffy), generalisation may be meaningless

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12
Q

Infradian rhythms

A

Bodily rhythm that takes more than 24 hours to complete

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13
Q

What are the two examples of Infradian rhythms

A
  • Menstrual cycle
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder
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14
Q

The menstrual cycle

A

Oestrogen regulate ovulation, progesterone readies the body for pregnancy (Endogenous factors)

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15
Q

Synchronising the menstrual cycle

A

Menstrual cycle is synchronised through pheromones, exogenous factor
(Stern and McClintock)

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16
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Form of depression triggered in the winter months and regulated by melatonin, a circannual rhythm

17
Q

Infradian rhythms evolution points- Evolutionary basis

A

STRENGTH

Synchronisation may have an adaptive function, leads to shared care for babies

18
Q

Infradian rhythms evolution points- Methodological limitations

A

LIMITATION

Mini confounding variables not controlled to synchronisation maker by chance (Trevathan)

19
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Bodily rhythm that takes less than 24 hours to complete

20
Q

Stage 1 and 2 of the ultradian rhythms

A

Alpha waves and sleep spindles

21
Q

Stage 3 and 4 of ultradian rhythms

A

Deep sleep in Delta waves

22
Q

Stage 5 of ultradian rhythms

A

R.E.M. (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep theta waves

23
Q

Ultradian rhythms evolution points- Improved understanding

A

STRENGTH

SWS reduces the age, explains issues in old age e.g. reduced alertness (Van Cauter)

24
Q

Ultradian rhythms evolution points- Individual differences

A

LIMITATION

Differences found in duration of each leap stage, particularly stages 3 and 4
(Tucker)