Neurons and Glial Cells

Question 1

Types of neuron

Answer 1

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons

Question 2

Cell Body / Soma

Answer 2

Contains nucleus, mitochondria and the nissil bodies.
Processes information

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Short extensions
Receives signals

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Long extension
Transmits impulses to other neurons or muscles

Question 5

Axon terminal

Answer 5

Multiple endings per neuron
Conveys information from dendrite to soma to axon to other dendrites

Question 6

Axon hillock

Answer 6

Initiation of action potential

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

Gap between two neurons
How they communicate with other cells

Question 8

Charges on the two layered membrane

Answer 8

Outer has lots of positive ions (like Na and K)
Inner has negatively charged proteins

Question 9

When a signal is received the membrane is….

Answer 9

depolarised.
Both sides become positive

Question 10

Polysynaptic vs monosynaptic

Answer 10

A polysynaptic reflex arc involves one or more interneurons between the sensory and motor neurons.

Question 11

Efferent Neurons

Answer 11

Take information from the receptors to the brain
Sensory

Question 12

Afferent Neurons

Answer 12

Take information from the brain to the receptors
Motor

Question 13

Bipolar neuron

Answer 13

Soma in the centre of the neuron
Polar ends with axons on both sides
Dendrite on the end

Question 14

Unipolar neuron

Answer 14

Formed from bipolar neurons
Rare
One dendrite and axon

Question 15

Multipolar neuron

Answer 15

Lots of dendrites

Question 16

Signal transmission

Answer 16

• Resting potential
• Stimulus activation
• Depolarization
• Repolarisation
• Hyperpolarisation

Question 17

After hyperpolarization there is a … period

Answer 17

Refractory
No action potential occurs or stronger stimulus is needed.

Question 18

Synaptic transmission occurs if the action potential reaches ….

Answer 18

The action terminal

Question 19

Functions of synapses

Answer 19

• Plasticity
• Neurological processes
• Signal transmission

Question 20

Functions of glial cells

Answer 20

• Support
• Nourishment
• Myelination
• Protection

Question 21

Microglia

Answer 21

Respond to injury
Remove debris
Immune defense

Question 22

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 22

Myelinate axons
Support neuronal health

Question 23

Astrocytes

Answer 23

Regulate blood flow
Support neurons
Maintain homeostasis

Question 24

Radial glia

Answer 24

Guide neuronal migration
Stem cell potential

Question 24

Ependymal cells

Answer 24

Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Line ventricles