Neurons and Autonomic NS

Question 1

Name all the parts of the human nervous system.

Answer 1

Central NS: Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral NS: Somatic NS, Autonomic NS, Sympathetic branch and Parasympathetic branch.

Question 2

What is the function of a motor neuron?

Answer 2

Carry messages from the CNS to muscles in order for them to react.

Question 3

Name 4 features of a motor neuron.

Answer 3

Any four of:

1. Myelin sheath.
2. Axon.
3. Nucleus
4. Cell body.
5. Dendrites.
6. Terminal button.

Question 4

What is the function of a sensory neuron?

Answer 4

Carry messages from the peripheral NS to CNS.

Question 5

What is the function of a interconnecting (relay) neurone?

Answer 5

To carry messages between neurons.

Question 6

Where are interconnecting neurons situated?

Answer 6

In the CNS.

Question 7

Name the 5 stages of a reflex arc.

Answer 7

1. Receptors detect stimulus.
2. Sensory neuron carries impulse to CNS.
3. Impulses are carried to interconnecting neurons.
4. Impulse carried to either another interconnecting neuron, or a motor neuron.
5. Effector (muscle) provokes response.

Question 8

What length dendrites and axon do motor neurons have?

Answer 8

Short dendrites, long axons.

Question 9

What length dendrites and axon do relay neurons have?

Answer 9

Short dendrites, mainly short axons.

Question 10

What length dendrites and axon do sensory neurons have?

Answer 10

Long dendrites, short axons.

Question 11

Define a synapse.

Answer 11

A specialised gap between neurons that allows electrical messages transfer via chemicals.

Question 12

Name 3 main key points about neurotransmitters.

Answer 12

1. The arrival of an impulse triggers neurotransmitters.
2. They must be immediately taken up or it will be reabsorbed or broken down by enzymes.
3. Different neurotransmitters respond differently. Neurons can either respond too rapidly (excitatory), or too slowly (inhibitatory). Drugs can stop this, blocking receptor sites.

Question 13

What holds neurotransmitters?

Answer 13

Vesicles.

Question 14

What can be in drugs to breakdown neurotransmitter chemicals?

Answer 14

Enzymes.

Question 15

What does the Somatic NS control?

Answer 15

Muscles.

Question 16

What does the Autonomic NS control?

Answer 16

Homeostasis.

Question 17

What does the Sympathetic NS control?

Answer 17

Fight or flight.

Question 18

What does the Parasympathetic NS control?

Answer 18

Calming down.

Question 19

Why make you still shake for a while after a stressful situation?

Answer 19

Your hormones take longer to get out of your system.

Question 20

Name 5 things that happen with the sympathetic NS.

Answer 20

1. Pupils dilate.
2. Saliva inhibited.
3. Digestion inhibits.
4. Heartrate increases.
5. Glucose production is stimulated.

Question 21

What does the endocrine system control?

Answer 21

Hormones.

Question 22

How are the adrenal glands stimulated?

Answer 22

By the pituitary gland released ACTH hormone.

Question 23

Is the autonomic NS voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 23

Involuntary.

Question 24

Name 3 effects of the stress response.

Answer 24

1. Effected sex life.
2. Problems with digestion.
3. Possibility of heart disease.

Question 25

Name the 5 places hormones are released.

Answer 25

1. Ovaries/testes. 2. Pituitary gland. 3. Adrenal glands. 4. Pancreas. 5. Thyroid gland.