Neurons

Question 1

where do APs propagate from on a neuron

Answer 1

axon hillock

Question 2

what stain stains myelin

Answer 2

luxor fast blue

Question 3

what stain stains Nissl (RER)

Answer 3

cresol violet

Question 4

what colour does eosin stain proteins

Answer 4

red

Question 5

what colour does haemotoxylin stain nucleic acids

Answer 5

blue

Question 6

what are the 3 functional classes of neurons

Answer 6

afferent
efferent
interneurons

Question 7

Where are interneurons

Answer 7

found within CNS

lie entirely within CNS

Question 8

what do afferent neurons do

Answer 8

convey info from tissues/ organs to CNS; sensory receptors on peripheral ends so respond to physical/ chemical changes in environment by generating signals in the neuron

Question 9

what do efferent neurons do

Answer 9

convey info away from CNS to effector cells

have cell bodies/ dendrites within CNS

Question 10

what do interneurons do

Answer 10

connect neurons within CNS

Question 11

what is the composition of myelin

Answer 11

70& lipid
30% protein
highly compacted
20-200 layers of modified plasma protein wrapped around axon by nearby surrporting cells

Question 12

where are oligodendrocytes found

Answer 12

CNS

Question 13

where are Schwann cells found

Answer 13

PNS

Question 14

what are nodes of Ranvier

Answer 14

where plasma membrane of axon is exposed to extracellular fluid

Question 15

where are myelinated axons mainly found

Answer 15

somatic nerves i.e. fast sensory/ motor systems

Question 16

where are unmyelinated axons mainly found

Answer 16

post-ganglionic autonomic fibres, fine sensory fibres, olfactory neurons and interneurons

Question 17

what is the difference in thickness between myelinated and unmyelinated axons

Answer 17

myelinated are thicker

Question 18

what are the 5 types of glial cells

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes
schwann cells
astrocytes
microglia 
ependymal cells

Question 19

describe oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

glial cells of CNS
myelinating cells that myelinate multiple axons
Provide metabolic support for axons

Question 20

describe Schwann cells

Answer 20

glial/ myelinating cells of CNS

myelinate single axons

Question 21

what are the differences between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Answer 21

CNS v PNS

myelinate multiple axons v single axons

Question 22

what is the name of astrocytes in grey matter

Answer 22

protoplasmic

Question 23

what is the name of astrocytes in white matter

Answer 23

fibrous

Question 24

where are protoplasmic astrocytes found

Answer 24

grey matter

Question 25

where are fibrous astrocytes found

Answer 25

white matter

Question 26

what are 3 types of astrocytes

Answer 26

radial glia
muller glia
Bergmann glia

Question 27

what do astrocytes do

Answer 27

regulate ECF composition in CNS
stimulate formation of tight junctions between cells in CNS capillary walls
foot processes closely applied to capillaries
sustain neurons metabolically

Question 28

how do astrocytes regulate composition of ECF in CNS

Answer 28

remove K+/ neurotransmitters

take up glutamate and convert it to glutamine that can then be taken up by neurons and converted to glutamate

Question 29

where are radial glia found

Answer 29

guide developing neurons - not found in adult brain

Question 30

what are muller glia

Answer 30

specialised radial glia in retina

Question 31

here are Bergmann glia found

Answer 31

cerebellum

Question 32

describe microglia

Answer 32

specialised macrophage like cells 
phagocytic
immune function in CNS
migrate to site of damage
contribute to synaptic plasticity

Question 33

describe ependymal cells

Answer 33

line ventricles
regulate production/ flow of CSF
have cilia, microvilli and desmosomes
barrier between CSF and brain