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Neuro > Basic brain structure/ function > Flashcards

Basic brain structure/ function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main divisions of the brain (and their proper names)

A

forebrain - prosencephalon
midbrain - mesencephalon
hindbrain - rhombencephalon

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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the prosencephalon

A

diencephalon and telencephalon

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3
Q

what makes up the diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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4
Q

what is the role of the thalamus and what sort of matter is it?

A

relay structure

grey matter

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5
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus and what sort of matter is it?

A

regulates pituitary gland
homeostasis
grey matter

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6
Q

what makes up the telencephalon

A

basal ganglia and limbic system

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7
Q

what are the parts of the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substancia nigra

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8
Q

what is the striatum

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

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9
Q

what is the lentiform nucleus

A

globus pallidus and putamen

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10
Q

what is the role of the basal ganglia

A

motor control
cognition
non-motor behaviour

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11
Q

what are the components of the limbic system

A 
amygdala
hippocampus
cingulate gyrus/ limbic cortex
septum
mammillary body
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12
Q

what is the role of the amygdala

A

associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact

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13
Q

what is the role of rhe hippocampus

A

long term anf spatial memory

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14
Q

what is the role of the fornix

A

carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies. septal nucleus

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15
Q

what is the role of the cingulate gyrus

A

links behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control

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16
Q

what is the role of the septum

A

defence and aggression

17
Q

what is the role of the mammillary body

A

formation of recollective memory

18
Q

what are the parts of the mesencephalon

A

tectum and tegmentum

19
Q

what makes up the tegmentum

A

periaqueductal grey
red nucleus
substancia nigra

20
Q

what is another name for the tectum

A

colliculi (superior and inferior)

21
Q

what are the components of the rhombencephalon

A

myelencephalon

metencephalon

22
Q

what are the components of the myelencephalon

A

medulla

23
Q

what is the role of the medulla

A

contains tracts carrying signals between rest of brain and body

24
Q

what are the components of the metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

25
Q

what is the role of the pons

A

relay from cortex/ midbrain to cerebellum

26
Q

what is the role of the cerebellum

A 
coordinates voluntary movement
balance
equilibrium
coordinates muscle tone
complex tasks
modulates UMN
27
Q

what does the dorsal stream of the occipital lobe do

A

where - vision for movement

28
Q

what does the ventral stream of the occipital lobe do

A

what - vision for identification

29
Q

what are the 4 features of the BBB

A

endothelial tight junctions
astrocyte end feet
pericytes
continuous basement membrane - no fenestrations

(need specific transport for glucose)

30
Q

what are pericytes

A

contractile cells that wrap around endothelial cells of capillaries/ venules

31
Q

what cells make up the BBB

A

endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes

32
Q

what are circumventicular organs

A

parts of brain that lack BBB because they need to be in contact wth blood - have a sensory role

33
Q

what is an example of a circumventricular organ

A

posterior pituitary

34
Q

how much CSF do you have

A

120mls

35
Q

what is the role of CSF

A

protection

36
Q

what does CSF contain

A

protein
urea
glucose
salts

37
Q

describe the structure of the choroid plexus

A

formed from modified ependymal cells, form around network of capillaries

38
Q

what is the most common cause of hydrocephalus

A

blocked cerebral aqueduct

Neuro (11 decks)

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