Basic brain structure/ function Flashcards
what are the 3 main divisions of the brain (and their proper names)
forebrain - prosencephalon
midbrain - mesencephalon
hindbrain - rhombencephalon
what are the 2 divisions of the prosencephalon
diencephalon and telencephalon
what makes up the diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
what is the role of the thalamus and what sort of matter is it?
relay structure
grey matter
what is the role of the hypothalamus and what sort of matter is it?
regulates pituitary gland
homeostasis
grey matter
what makes up the telencephalon
basal ganglia and limbic system
what are the parts of the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substancia nigra
what is the striatum
caudate nucleus and putamen
what is the lentiform nucleus
globus pallidus and putamen
what is the role of the basal ganglia
motor control
cognition
non-motor behaviour
what are the components of the limbic system
amygdala hippocampus cingulate gyrus/ limbic cortex septum mammillary body
what is the role of the amygdala
associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact
what is the role of rhe hippocampus
long term anf spatial memory
what is the role of the fornix
carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies. septal nucleus
what is the role of the cingulate gyrus
links behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control
what is the role of the septum
defence and aggression
what is the role of the mammillary body
formation of recollective memory
what are the parts of the mesencephalon
tectum and tegmentum
what makes up the tegmentum
periaqueductal grey
red nucleus
substancia nigra
what is another name for the tectum
colliculi (superior and inferior)
what are the components of the rhombencephalon
myelencephalon
metencephalon
what are the components of the myelencephalon
medulla
what is the role of the medulla
contains tracts carrying signals between rest of brain and body
what are the components of the metencephalon
pons and cerebellum
what is the role of the pons
relay from cortex/ midbrain to cerebellum
what is the role of the cerebellum
coordinates voluntary movement balance equilibrium coordinates muscle tone complex tasks modulates UMN
what does the dorsal stream of the occipital lobe do
where - vision for movement
what does the ventral stream of the occipital lobe do
what - vision for identification
what are the 4 features of the BBB
endothelial tight junctions
astrocyte end feet
pericytes
continuous basement membrane - no fenestrations
(need specific transport for glucose)
what are pericytes
contractile cells that wrap around endothelial cells of capillaries/ venules
what cells make up the BBB
endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes
what are circumventicular organs
parts of brain that lack BBB because they need to be in contact wth blood - have a sensory role
what is an example of a circumventricular organ
posterior pituitary
how much CSF do you have
120mls
what is the role of CSF
protection
what does CSF contain
protein
urea
glucose
salts
describe the structure of the choroid plexus
formed from modified ependymal cells, form around network of capillaries
what is the most common cause of hydrocephalus
blocked cerebral aqueduct
