Neurones and Synapses- topic 4 Flashcards
what are the general job of neurones?
-they transmit electrical nerve impulses throughout the body
what are the 2 general jobs of synapses?
-fine control and integration
is nervous control faster or slower than hormone control?
-it is faster and more precise
what are the three pasts of any nervous system?
-the receptor
-effector
-and an interlinking coordinator
what are receptors and where are they found?
-receptors are found in any sensory organ e.g. ear, mouth
-their job is to receive a stimulus
what is a stimulus and what does it stimulate?
-it is anything that will stimulate a receptor organ e.g. smell, taste
what are effectors and where are they found?
-they produce a response and are found in the muscles
what system in the body involves coordination?
-the central nervous system (CNS)
what is the central nervous system? what is the jobs of neurones in the CNS?
-it contains the brain and the spinal cord
-the neurones in the body travel to the CNS from receptors and from the CNS to effectors
what are the 3 types of neurones?
-motor neurones
-sensory neurones
-connector neurones
what is the job of motor neurones?
-carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles/ gland)
what is the job of sensory neurones?
-carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
what is the job of connector neurones?
-connect neurones within the CNS
look at the diagram of the different neurones in the book pg 56
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what are the two parts that every neurone contains?
-a cell body and extended nerve fiber
what are the different parts that the cell body contains? and what is another name for the cell body?
-nucleus
-mitochondria
-large groups of ribosomes
-centron
what are the two types of nerve fibers and what are their jobs?
-axon is nerve fibers that carry the impulses away from the cell body
-dendron is nerve fibers that carry the impulse to the cell body
what type of neurone has only axon as its nerve fiber? why?
-motor neurone
-because their job is to carry impulses to muscles and glands rather then to the cell body
what are dendrites?
-very small extensions which can conduct impulses into the dendron cell body
what are synaptic bulbs?
-they are the end of the axon
what does myelinated mean?
-it means that the nerve fibers (axon and dendron) are covered with an insulating myelin sheath
are all nerve fibers myelinated?
-most but not all
how is the myelin sheath formed?
-from Schwann cells which extend the entirety of the cell surface membrane of the axon or dendron
what way are the Schwann cells arranged around the nerve fiber? what is found between each cell?
-arranged at intervals along the nerve fiber
-there are small gaps between each cell called nodes of Ranvier where the axon or dendron is exposed
what are the 2 jobs of the myelinated sheath?
-protection
-speeds up nervous conduction
look at diagrams on page 57
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