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Biology 5.1.3: Neuronal Communication > neurones > Flashcards

neurones Flashcards

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1
Q

describe the cell body

A
  • contains organelles
  • site of protein / NT synthesis
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2
Q

describe the dendrons

A

carries axon potential from receptor cell to cell body

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3
Q

describe the axon

A

conductive long fibre which carries nerve impulse from cell body to adjacent neurone

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4
Q

describe the myelin sheath

A
  • made of Schwann cells
  • lipid
  • prevents ions passing through
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5
Q

describe the nodes of ranvier

A
  • gaps between myelin sheath
  • action potential jumps here (saltatory conduction)
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6
Q

what is the role of sensory neurones?

A

transmit electrical impulses from sensory receptors to relay neurones

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7
Q

what is the central nervous system made up of?

A

brain & spinal cord

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8
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

receptors & nerves

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9
Q

what is the role of motor neurones?

A

transmit electrical impulses from central nervous system to effectors

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10
Q

summarise the pathway of electrical impulses

A
  • stimulus
  • detected by receptors
  • carried to CNS by sensory neurone
  • carried to effectors by motor neurone
  • response
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11
Q

what is the role of the CNS?

A

processes sensory information and coordinate a response

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12
Q

what is the role of receptors?

A

converts stimulus energy to nervous energy

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13
Q

what is the role of effectors?

A

brings about a response

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14
Q

what are dendrites & what is their role?

A
  • extensions from the cell body
  • gives a large surface area to receive nerve impulses
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15
Q

describe schwann cells

A
  • wrap around axon
  • many layers of the plasma membrane create fatty protection
  • to create the myelin sheath
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16
Q

why is the speed of transmission faster in a myelinated nerve cell?

A
  • impulses are only exchanged at nodes of ranvier
  • saltatory conduction occurs
  • action potential reaches end of neurone more quickly
17
Q

why do impulses only occur at nodes of ranvier?

A
  • myelin sheath is tightly wrapped
  • so prevents movement of ions across the membranes
  • so impulses jump between nodes
  • conduction is more rapid
18
Q

state 2 factors which affect the speed of transmission

A
  • myelination
  • diameter of axons
19
Q

how does axon diameter affect transmission speed?

A
  • wider = faster
  • smaller SA:V
  • so lose fewer ions to leakage

Biology 5.1.3: Neuronal Communication (4 decks)

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