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Biopsychology > Neuronal communication > Flashcards

Neuronal communication Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Brain (100 billion neurones)

Spinal Chords

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2
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous system (SNS)- Afferent nerves relay sensory info to CNS
Efferent relay motor commands from CNS to muscles

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
-Regulates internal organs of the body

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3
Q

Golgi complex

A

Process and bundle molecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesised within the cell

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4
Q

Soma

A

cell body does most of metabolic work

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5
Q

Axon

A

Thin fibre of constant diameter

Myelin sheath - nodes of ranvier

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6
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching fibres that get narrower towards the end

Specialised synaptic receptors

Great surface area

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7
Q

Purkinje cell

A

Receives inputs from 200,000 parallel fiber that convey information from the pontine nuclei

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8
Q

Multipolar neurone

A

The dendrites recieve signals at synapses with several hundred other neurones

Local communication - mostly within the brain

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9
Q

Motor neurone

A

Soma in spinal cord

Recieves excitation from other neurons through its dendrites

Conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle - can be over a meter long

Efferent

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10
Q

Efferent neurone

A

Takes info away from CNS

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11
Q

Sensory Neurone

A

specialised to be highly sensitive to a particular type of sensory stimulation

Sensory input - cell body - CNS

Afferent neurone

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12
Q

Afferent neurone

A

takes info to CNS

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13
Q

Neuroglial cell

A

Supporting cells

3:1 outnumber neurones

Do not participate in communication

Help define synaptic contacts and maintain signalling abilities of neurones

  • Remove waste and pruning
  • Uptake ions and send back to axons
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14
Q

what builds myelin sheath in PNS?

A

Schwann cell

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15
Q

What builds myeline sheath in CNS ?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

Radial glia

A

Guide neuronal migration in embryonic development

Primary stem and progenitor cell

17
Q

Neuronal membrane

A

Separates fluid inside the cell from outside

Large protein molecules in membrane control movement of ions (pumps)

Movement of ions across the neuronal membrane causes electrical signals

18
Q

Resting potential

A

Sodium-potassium pump:

3 sodium out/ 2 potassium in

19
Q

Receptor potentials

A

Sensory neurones activated by external stimuli

Amplitude in proportion to sensory stimuli magnitudes

20
Q

Synaptic potentials

A

Communication between neurones at synaptic contacts

Amplitude depends on number of synapses activated

21
Q

Electrical synapse

A

small gap junction - around 3.5 nm

aligned paired channels extremely efficient

22
Q

chemical synpase

A

bigger synaptic cleft

presynaptic vesicles are filled with neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters synthesised within presynaptic terminals

23
Q

vesicles merging

A

full fusion - all neurotransmitter released

kiss and run - partial fusion

24
Q

Auto receptors

A

feedback to presynaptic neuron
too much transmitter - less production and release
too little tranmitter - increase release

25
Q

Hetero receptors

A

excitatory or inhibitry messages from other neurons - transmitter release

26
Q

Criteria of neurotransmitter

A

Must be present in the presynaptic neurone

Must me Ca2+ dependent, released in response to presynaptic depolarisation

Specific receptors must be present on the postsynaptic neurons

27
Q

Types of synapses

A

Axodendritic synapses
- Axon synapses on the postsnaptic dendrites of other neurones

Axosynaptic
- axon to presynaptic terminal of another neurone

28
Q

Agonist

A

neurotransmitter enhancer

29
Q

Antagonist

A

neurotransmitter blocker

30
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-70mv

positive sodium ions outside

positive potassium ions inside and negative proteins

polarised

31
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

2 sodium in, 3 potassium out

32
Q

what causes a neurone to fire?

A

environmental stimulus causes sodium channels to open

This increases charge inside cell

Once cell voltage reaches around -55mv, action potential occurs

Voltage gate channels open causing cell to depolarise

Positive charge moves down the cell

33
Q

repolarisation

A

potassium channels open and potassium leaves cell down electrochemical and concentration gradient

goes to far at firs - hyperpolarisation

sodium potassium pump returns neurone to resting potential

Biopsychology (7 decks)

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