Neuron & The Brain

Question 1

Dendrite

Answer 1

The neuron receives chemical neurotransmitter signals from other neurons

Question 2

Soma and Hillock

Answer 2

Chemical signal = electrical current

Question 3

Hillock

Answer 3

The decision zone - if the electrical current is sufficiently strong, it triggers the neuron to fire and sends an electrical signal down the axon to the terminal.

Question 4

Axon Terminal

Answer 4

Part of the neuron that releases neurotransmitters through the synapse

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

The space between two neurons where the neurotransmitter is transferred to another neuron.

Question 6

Ions with Positive Charge

Answer 6

Sodium, Calcium, and Potassium

Question 7

Ions with Negative Charge

Answer 7

Chloride

Question 8

Frontal Cortex (Forehead area)

Answer 8

Planning, decision making, and movement

Question 9

Somatosensory cortex (top of head)

Answer 9

Sense of touch (tactile sensory)

The brain has a map of each part of the brain

Question 10

Visual Cortex (back of head, behind the ears)

Answer 10

a sense of the visual world

Question 11

Association Cortex (temple area)

Answer 11

Sensory information together (sight, sound, smell, touch)

Processes sound and speech and generates language

Question 12

Hippocampus

Answer 12

Memory formation and retrieval Spatial memory, and autobiographical memory

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Negative emotion (fear, anger)

Question 14

Mid-brain

Answer 14

Houses the neuron cells that travel through the brain

Regulates mood, appetite, motivation, pleasure, pain, attention, sleep, wakefulness, and sexual arousal.

Question 15

Receptor

Answer 15

The protein that is altered by the drug through a physical interaction between the drug and the protein.

“Key” (drug) needs a specific shape to turn the “lock” (the receptor).

Question 16

Two types of neuronal receptors

Answer 16

1. Ion channel

2. G-protein (GPCR)

Question 17

G-protein (GPCR)

Answer 17

Caffeine, opiates, hallucinogens, antipsychotics

Question 18

Agonist

Answer 18

The receptor sends a message to the inside of the cell to communicate that it has been activated.

Question 19

Antagonist

Answer 19

The receptor remained INACTIVE and no signal is sent to the inside of the cell.

Question 20

Therapeutic Target

Answer 20

The target (receptor) that is believed to be the reason why the drug is effective to treat a disease condition.

Question 21

Off-target effects

Answer 21

The interaction of the drug with other proteins that are not part of the therapeutic effect.

Can contribute to unwanted side-effects

Question 22

Mechanism of Action

Answer 22

Change in neuron activity that ultimately changes brain function.

Question 23

Affinity

Answer 23

The strength of the attraction between the drug and the receptor

Question 24

Selectivity

Answer 24

Number of proteins that can be affected by a given drug

Question 25

Basal Banglia

Answer 25

Initiating voluntary movement

Reward System (pleasure)

Decision making - predicting what happens next

Question 26

Thalamus

Answer 26

Information Filter

Involved with consciousness

Question 27

Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Endocrine system - hormone regulation - stress response hunger and satiety