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Neurobiology > Neuron physiology > Flashcards

Neuron physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How do pre and post -synaptic talk to neurons?

A

The pre-synaptic talks to the post synaptic neurons by using a transmitter

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2
Q

What is the effect of the pre/post synaptic neurons?

A

Results in the change of the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron.

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3
Q

What is the resting membrane potential

A

neurons have a resting potential of -70mV

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4
Q

What does it mean to have -70mV?

A

The charges inside the cell are 70mV more negative than outside the cell.

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5
Q

What is in the inside of the cell

A

K+

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6
Q

What is outside the cell

A

Cl- ,Ca++, Na+

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7
Q

If a channel is opened which way will the ions travel

A

K+ will try to move to the outside

Cl-, Ca++, Na+ will try to move to the inside of the cell

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8
Q

Why is the cell more negative in the inside

A

Large negative molecules
Na+/K+ pumps
Permeability to the membranes of K+

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9
Q

What is excitability or irritability

A

Membrane potentials change in response to input from other neurons in their environment

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10
Q

what is an Ion current

A

The flow of ions

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11
Q

What is chemical gradient

A

Combination of concentration gradient and attraction to opposite charges.

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12
Q

What causes the changes in in permeability to certain ions

A

Ion Channels open

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13
Q

What is polarized

A

a neuron at rest

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14
Q

What is depolatization

A

when the inside of the cell increases (less negative)

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15
Q

What is repolarization

A

a return to resting potential

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16
Q

What is hyperpolarization

A

inside the cell decreases beyond rest (-90mV)

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17
Q

Changes in membrane potential can be recorded

A

Oscilloscope

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18
Q

When does Depolarization occur

A

when positive ions enter cell (Na+/Ca++)

19
Q

When does re/hyperpolarization occur

A

when positive ions leave cell( K+)/ negative (-ions)(Cl-) enter cell

20
Q

What is depolarization of the cell

A

excitatory/stimulatory

21
Q

What is Hyperpolarization of the cell

A

inhibitory

22
Q

What are the not gated

A

always open “leaky”

  • contribute to Rest Po
  • everywhere on neuron
23
Q

Ligand-gated

A

when a neurotransmitter binds

-found on Dendrites

24
Q

Voltage gated-

A

open and close when membrane potentials are reached

-(axon hillock and node or ranvier) Na+ or K+

25
Q

When do voltage gated Na+ channel open

A

at -55mV (threshold membrane)

26
Q

When do voltage gated Na+ deactivate

A

+30mV

27
Q

Voltage gated K+ open

A

Between -10mV and +30mV

28
Q

Voltage gated K+ deactivate

A

-50mV

29
Q

What happens at +30mV

A

Na+ channels close

30
Q

What is the all or none law

A

once threshold has been reached AP will happen

31
Q

The size of the stimulus will NOT effect

A

the duration and the size of the AP

32
Q

A strong stimulus

A

will make AP more frequent

33
Q

What is recruitment

A

a strong stimulus activates more neurons in nerve

34
Q

What is the absolute refractory period

A

during AP

The Na+ channels are innactive NO AP will happen

35
Q

What is the refractory period

A

During Hyperpolarization ONLY a strong stimmulus can over come it

36
Q

The cable properties of neurons

A

ability of neurons to conduct impulses down the length of the axon

37
Q

Conduction of speed can be increased in nerve impulses by

A

increased diameter of the neuron

and Myelination

38
Q

Conduction in an Unmyelinated Neuron

A

Conduction rate is slow due to high AP

39
Q

Conduction in a Myelinated Neuron

A

improving speed of cable properties

40
Q

What is saltatory conduction

A

Action potentials “LEAP” from node to node

41
Q

Type A axon

A

Largest diameter 4-20 (268mph)

42
Q

Type B axon

A

smaller 24- (40mph)

43
Q

Type C axon

A

small UNMYELANATED less than 2 mph

Neurobiology (3 decks)

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