Neuron Anatomy

Question 1

Neurotransmitter

Answer 1

Chemical messenger released at the end of nerve fiber

Question 2

CNS cells have this in common

Answer 2

Longest living cells
Require glucose and oxygen

Question 3

Neuron structure

Answer 3

Unipolar - 1 process splits into 1 axon, 1 dendrite

Bipolar (rare) - 1 axon, 1 dendrite

Multipolar (common) - motor (away from CNS and towards muscles and glands
Interneurons (transmit info between motor and sensory)

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Efferent (transmits info away from cell)

Myelin sheath (produced by Schwab or oligodendrogial)

Nodes of Ranvier

Axon collaterals

Terminal branches (vesicles containing neurotransmitters)

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

Cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum

Inhibitory effects and regulation

Huntingtons disease

Question 6

Serotonin

Answer 6

(Mood)

Various areas of the CNS

Sleep cycles, mood, pain input

Depression

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

(Reward system)

Basal ganglia

Motor system

Parkinson’s disease

Question 8

Acetylcholine

Answer 8

Neuromuscular junction

Voluntary and involuntary movement

Myasthenia gravis, weakness, paralysis

Question 9

Epinephrine

Answer 9

(Adrenaline)
Sympathetic nervous system, through blood

Increase heart rate, muscular activation, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism

Anxiety, depression, low blood pressure

Question 10

4 types of neuroglial cells

Answer 10

Astrocyte

Oligodendroglia

Ependyma

Microglia

Question 11

Nerve impulses

Answer 11

100 billion fire 5-50 messages per sec

Process environment, move muscles, keep balance

Question 12

Action potential

Answer 12

Resting membrane: -70
Threshold: -55
Depolarize state: 40

Question 14

10 principles of neural plasticity

Answer 14

Use it or lose it
Use it and improve it
Specifity
Repetition matters
Intensity matters
Time matters
Salience matters
Age matters
Transference
Inference