neuromuscular pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
antiepileptic agents
A
- action: reduce/elim seizure activity in brain, inhibit firing of certain neurons
- indications: seizure activity
- side effects: depends,a taxia, skin issues, GI distress, HA, weight gain
- PT implications: seizure protocols, sensitivity to light and noise
- seconal, klonopin, vaproic acid, carbamazepine, celontin, nurontin
2
Q
anti-spasticity agents
A
- action: promote relaxation, bind selectively in CNS or skeletal muscle to reduce spasticity
- indications: increased tone, spasticity, SCI, CVA, MS
- side effects: drowsiness, confusion, HA, dizziness, tolerance, dependence
- PT implications: may lose function
- lioresal (baclofen), valium (diazepam), dantrium, zanaflex
3
Q
cholinergic agents
A
- action: mimic ACh to create resposne at cellular level, some that inhibit acetylocholinesterase, increase ACh available at synapse
- indications: glaucoma, dementia d/t alzheimer’s, postop decrease in GI motility, myasthenia gravis
- side effects: GI distress, flushing, parasympathetic effects
- PT implications: decrease HR, dizziness; can improve AD or myasthenia gravis participation in PT
- direct: duvoid, pilocar
- indirect: aricept, tensilon
4
Q
dopamine replacement agents
A
- action: relieve s/s of PD 2/2 decrease in endogenous dopamine; can cross BBB through active transport and transform to DA in brain
- indications: PD, parkinsonism
- side effects: arrhythmias, GI distress, hypotension, dyskinesia, mood and behavioral changes, tolerance
- PT implications: max benefit when PT is one hour after administration of levodopa, know about drug holidays
- levodopa, amantadine
5
Q
muscle relaxant agents
A
- action: promote relaxation in muscles typically presenting with spasm, tonic contraction (muscular, not CNS)
- indications: muscle spasm
- side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, HA, dependence
- PT implications: maximize benefit through modalities, prevent reinjury through posture retraining, education
- valium, paraflex
