Neuromuscular/ Musculo Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 3 main styles of muscle fibres?

Answer 1

• Type 1
• Type lla
• Type llx

Question 2

What are the characteristics of slow type 1 twitch fibres?

Answer 2

• Slow twitch
• High number of mitochondria
• High levels of myoglobin
• High capillary density (red in colour)
• High levels of fat stores
• Slow to fatigue
• Aerobic
• No fibre damage

Question 3

What 2 types of athletes would primarily use slow types 1twitch fibres?

Answer 3

• Long distance runner
• Long distance cyclist

Question 4

What are the characteristics of type lla fast twitch fibres?

Answer 4

• Fast speed of contraction
• High force levels
• Quick to fatigue
• Pink in colour
• Speed endurance events

Question 5

What 2 athletes would primarily use type lla fast twitch fibres?

Answer 5

• Footballer
• Boxer

Question 6

What are the characteristics of type llx fast twitch fibres?

Answer 6

• Very fast speeds of contraction
• Very high force production
• White in colour
• Very quick to fatigue
• Lots of fibre damage

Question 7

What 2 athletes would primarily use types llx fast twitch fibres?

Answer 7

• 100m sprinted
• Weight lifter

Question 8

What are the 3 types of planes?

Answer 8

• Sagittal
• Frontal
• Transverse plan

Question 9

What are the 3 axis’s of movement?

Answer 9

• Transverse axis
• Sagittal axis
• Vertical axis

Question 10

What axis of movement is present in the Sagittal plane?

Answer 10

Transverse axis

Question 11

What axis of movement is present in the frontal plane?

Answer 11

Sagittal axis

Question 12

What axis of movement is present in the transverse plane?

Answer 12

Vertical axis

Question 13

What are isotonic contractions?

Answer 13

These contractions refer to those instances when the muscle is moving while contracting.

Question 14

What are isometric contractions?

Answer 14

These take place when a muscle increases in tension without actively shortening or lengthening. The muscle remains the same length while contracting and there is no movement taking place.

Question 15

What are the 2 types of isotonic contractions?

Answer 15

• Concentric
• Eccentric

Question 16

What is a isotonic concentric contraction?

Answer 16

Contractions that involve the muscle shortening under tension, and it is the most common form of muscular contraction. For example, the biceps concentrically contract during the upward haste of the bicep curl, or the triceps during the upward phase of a push-up.

Question 17

What is a isotonic eccentric contraction?

Answer 17

Eccentric contractions are the opposite to concentric, and occur when the muscle lengthens under tension (normally when returning to it’s normal resting length). For example, the biceps during the downward phase of the bicep curl or in the triceps during the downward phase of the push up.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a first class lever and give an example?

Answer 18

The fulcrum is located in the middle of the lever (e.g bicep curl).

Question 19

What are the characteristics of a second class lever and give an example?

Answer 19

The load is in the middle of the lever (e.g calf raise).

Question 20

What are the characteristics of a third class lever and give an example?

Answer 20

The effort is in the middle of the lever (e.g the forearm during flexion).

Question 21

What is a mechanical advantage in terms of levers?

Answer 21

When a lever’s effort arm is longer than it’s load arm it is said to have a mechanical advantage. Levers with mechanical advantage can move large loads with less effort (e.g second class levers always have a mechanical advantage).

Question 22

What is a mechanical disadvantage in terms of levers?

Answer 22

When a levers load arm is longer than it’s effort arm it is a mechanical disadvantage. Whilst they are said to be a ‘disadvantage’, third class levers are able to increase the speed at the end of the lever arm (e.g third class levers always have a mechanical disadvantage).