Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Uworld > Neurology U WORLD Questions > Flashcards

Neurology U WORLD Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence =

Prevalence =

A

New case/total-people w/ disease

Diseased/total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drug for Partial and Grand Mal seizures, SJS or TEN risk, GI symptoms common

A

Lamotrigine, Na+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Visual pathways

A

First Aid Page 486

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Recurrent lapses into sleep
strong emotion
brief tone loss
decress CSF hypocretin 1
Short Rem
A

Narcolepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

White pupillary reflex in young =

Inc risk of?

Gene?

A

Retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

RB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

retarded, asocial, macroorchidism, long face =?

Gene?

A

Fragile X

FMR1, CGG repeat, X linked, hypermethlyated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Early Alz

AV septal Defect

HIrshsprung

duodenal atresia

T1DM

Hypothyroid

Leukemia

A

Down Syndrome

Chrom 21 x3, APP gene multipled (NOT ApoE gene = late Alz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neisseria Meningitis recurrent attacks, why? (2)

A

MAC dysfxn

OR

too much IgA (disseminated infxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GABA-A MOA

A

hyperpolarize: Cl- in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Left face, right body loss of pain, temp, ipsilateral ataxia

A

Wallenberg (Lateral Medullary Syndrome)

CN5 nucleus, Spinothalamic Tract, inferior peduncle

PICA fed by Vertebral (lateral formina of Cervical spine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Farmer, inc ACh symptoms (SLUDGE)

A

organophosphate poisoning (covalent bonded)

treat w/ atropine, pralidoxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alcoholic presents with confusion, vision loss, unsteady gait

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff: mamillary body affected

Dec thiamine = dec erythroctye transketolase

give thiamine WITH glucose

Wernicke = reversible
Wernicke Korsakoff = irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diplopia, no adduction of eye, no corneal reflex =? (nerves)

exit they travel through?

A

CN3, CN6, CN5, superior ophthalmic vein

Superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most important aspect in diagnosing Tetanus

A

H&P

no ABs, cultures, or toxin tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

G+ intracellular motile rod
narrow hemolysis, tumbling
high and low temp multiply

virulence factor

Agar

immunity

most at risk?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

listeriolysin O

Blood

Cell mediated

neonates and Hodgkins lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stiff neck, fever, altered mentation =

treat?

A

Bacterial meningitis

empiric Abx, LP, CSF analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neisseria CNS pathway

Staph Aureus

Strep Pneumo

H Infl

A

MC adults: pharynx, blood, choroid, meninges

Wound

Ear

Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adrenergics

Alpha 1

Beta 1

Beta 2

A

dilate eye, contract PBS, contract bladder (Ep, NE, phenylephrine, methoxamine)

Inc heart rate (Ep, DA, dobutamine, isopretenol)

dilate PBS, dilate bronchi, relax uterus (Dobutamine, isopretenol, terbutaline, ritodrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unpredicatable on/off parkinson’s symptoms

A

on/off phenom: long term Parkinson’s treatment

inc nigrostriatal degen, dec therapeutic window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SNS to eccrine sweat glands and adrenals

PNS pre gang and post gang

Somatic

SNS to Renal vessels

SNS to Heart and Vessels

SNS to other sweat glands and vessels

A

NACh

NACh - MACh

NACh

NACh - D1

NACh - NE

NACh - MACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Wernickes: alpha ketoglutarate

A

amino group of alanine tansferred to alpha ketoglutarate

then converted to glucose

thiamine is co factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Short term non-addictive sleep help

A

Zolpidem: Zs for Zs

same mechanism as benzos (inc freq Cl- channel firing at GABA-A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GABApentin MOA

A

voltage gated Ca channels in presynaptic neuron

block fusion and NT vesicle release

also enhances GABA activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

increased AFP and AChE on amniocentesis

A

failure of fusion of neural plate edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

neonate, MacConkey agar, pink colonies, G- rod=

Antigen?

A

E coli meningitis

K1 capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rifampin, Carbamezapine, phenobarbitol, phenytoin do what to P450 and serum of drugs metabolized by P450

Fluconazole, cimetidine, omprazole, do what to P450 and serum of drugs metabolized by 450

A

inc P450, so dec serum level of drugs

block P450, inc serum level of drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

brachial plexus block affects diaphragm by?

phrenic nerve roots pass through?

A

ipsilateral diaphragm paralysis

phrenic nerve roots C3-5 pass thru scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

No abduction past horizontal, shoulder droop

location of nerve

A

CN 11 effected

Post Triangle of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ptosis, down and out, fixed and dilated, loss of accomodation =

A

CN3 lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Do secondary messengers play a role in presynaptic release?

A

no, Ca+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

left dysdiadochokinesia?

A

left cerebellar mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Parkinson’s drugs that worsen anxiety and agitation

A

Carbidopa and levodopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

weak wrist flex, add, 4th and 5th digits, claw

place nerve gets compressed

Spinal Levels of nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve (ulnar claw)

Guyon’s canal

C8-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Right nasal hemianopia

A

Right internal carotid artery, perichiasmal lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Migraines

Symptom treatment

abortive therapy

Prophylaxis

A

Sumatriptan 5HT

B blockers, anticonvulsants

SNRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

young boy/man, ataxia, muscle weakness, kyphoscoliosis, pes cavus, frequent falls

associated disorder?

Inheritance

A

Friedreich’s Ataxia

HCM

AR: frataxin gene, GAA tri nuke repeat, chrom 9 (mitochondrial fxn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lipid stained macrophages, how long since stroke?

A

microglia, 3-5 days post stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Loss of CNS myelination =

common sign of MS

A

MS or multifocal encephalopathy: oligodendrocyte depletion

Oligoclonal IgG bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

asc. bilateral muscle weakness

MC bacteria associated

A

GBS, immune mediated

Campylobacter Jejuni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Foramen spinosum

Foramen Rotundum

Foramen Ovale

A

V1 ophthalmic branch, MMA and V

V2 maxillary branch

V3 mandibular branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ataxia, recurrent pulmonary infections, telangeictasia =

Gene?

A

ataxia telangectasia

ATM: AR: DNA break repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

BPDII mother, child born with neural tube defect

A

folic acid and valproate: 4 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Ventrolateral nuclei

Ventromedial nuclei

anterior nuclei

posterior Nuclei

arcuate nuclei hormones

Paraventricular nuclei hormones

supra optic nuclei hormones

suprachiasmatic nuclei hormones

A

hunger: destruction = anorexia
satiety: destruction = hyperphagia

Destory = hypertherm

Destroy = hypotherm

DA, GHRH, GnRH

AD, CRH, oxy, TRH

ADH, Oxy secrete

Circadian and pineal fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

extensor muscle palsy =

A

crutch palsy, saturday night palsay, radial nerve palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

worry about everything

A

GAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

B blockers help with?

exacerbate

A

angina (B1 dec HR and BP)

Asthma/COPD B2 bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Resting membrane permeable =

Ligand gated

voltage gated

A

K

Na

Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Dementia + HIV

whats affected

pathology

A

HIV associated dementia

subcortical (deep) gray

inflammatory microglial nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

CN3 palsy ispilateral temporal lobe mass

A

uncal herniation, downward displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Oral thrush + musltiple ring enhancing lesions

A

HIV, toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Amitryptilin: type of drug?

side effects?

A

TCA

insomnia, anti ACh (no sludge) urinary retention, confusion, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

treatment for toxoplasmosis ring enhancing lesions

A

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (clindamycin if allergy), follinic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Mass lesions with HIV and EBV

A

primary CNS lymphoma, B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

CN5 neuralgia treatment

MOA

adverse

A

Carbamezapine

Na channels

bone marrow suppress and SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Restless leg syndrome treatment

MOA

A

DA agonist, pramipexole

Fe+ deficient or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cavitary lesion, HTN, deep, hemiparesis

if atherosclerosis

A

HTN, small lacunar infarct, internal capsule

history of, big stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, tremor, clonus, hyperreflexia)

A

SSRI OD in depression

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Cyproheptadine MOA

A

block Histamine and serotonin: antipsychotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

DIC w/ adrenal destruction post infection

A

N. meningitidis, Waterhouse Freidrichson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Hip drop contralateral on Trendelenburg test =

A

weak Glute Med, lean ipsilateral, superior gluteal nerve injury on standing leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Gardener w/ mydriasis (dry and dilated eyes)

A

plant that blocks AChM: atropine poisoning

need physostigmine (AChEI that crosses BBB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

HSV (shingles) CN5 tract: anterior or retrograde?

kinesin or dynein

latent or active phase

A

anteriorgrage, kinesin, active

retrograde, dynein, latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

dec CO2 =? on ICP

use to treat>

A

vasoconstrict, = inc vascular resistance = dec in CBF = dec. in

cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

CN9, 10, 11 ipsilateral syndrome

A

Venet syndrome, jugular foramen mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Low 5HT w/ neurodeterioration (retard) =?

due to deficient in ?

treat with ?

A

Phenyketouria

BH4 (tetrahydropiopterin) or pheynl-hydroxylase, inc phenylalanine

low phenyl diet and BH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

TMD

Mandibular division of CN5 (V3) does?

Maxillary (V2) does?

A

all mastication muscles and tensor tympani middle ear

sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Viral LP shows?

A

normal glucose, inc protein, 90% leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Treatment for tonic/clonic + absence seizure

Absence alone?

A

Valproate

Ethosuximide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

papilledema is due to?

A

impaired axoplasmic flow in optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

unilateral facial paralysis, dec tearing, hyperacusis, loss of ant. 2/3 taste

A

Bells palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

L-R disorientation, agraphia, acalcula, agnosia

A

Gerstmann syndrome

angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

loss of fxn of mammilary body (alcoholic)

A

short term memory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Familial Parkinson’s pathological feature

due to

A

alpha synuclein lewy bodies

Ubiquitiation problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Down and out eye, artery involved

muscles active

A

Posterior communicating artery

lateral rectus, superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Lateral forearm sensory?

elbow flexion and 6 shooter?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve

MSK cutaneous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Epidural hematoma (looks like, due to)?

subdural hematoma (looks like, due to)?

A

lens, MMA rupture

crescent, cortical bridging veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Hemangioblastoma, kidney liver, pancrease

Hamartomas and cutaneous angiofibromas

PNS tumor, neurofibromas, optic gliomas, caf a luit, iris nodules

Bilateral CN8 Schwannomas and meningiomas

cutaneous facial angiomas, leptomeningial angiomas, retard, seizure, hemipegia, tram track skull

Telangectasias

A

VHL syndrome AD

TS

Von Recklinghuasens (NF1)

NF2 AD

Sturg Weber

Osler Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Symmetrical ventricle enlargement, tuberculosis infxn can cause?

due to?

A

communicating hydrocephalus

arachnoid granulation problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Neuronal shrinkage, cytoplasmic eosinophila?

A

glial hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

kid, parkinsons, inc transaminases, dec ceruplasmin

gene

treat

A

Wilson’s

AR ATP73

D Penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

BBB: made of

can cross freely?

areas w/ no BBB

A

Tight jxns, end feet of astrocytes, BM

Nonpolar/lipid soluble

area postrema (vomit), post pituitary (ADH release), organ of lamina terminalis (blood osmolality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Narcolepsy area of the brain

lab values

A

lateral hypothalamus: promotes wakefulness and REM

Dec hypocretin 1, 2, orexins A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

A

occipital cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

neonate hydrocephalus, IC calcifications, chorioretinitis (yellow) = ?

due to ?

A

congenital toxo

in utero cat feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

absence seizures treatment

MOA

A

ethosuximide

dec Ca++ channel current in thalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Adult polycystic kidney disease associated w/?

treat w/, MOA

A

SAH

Nimodipine (dec. Ca++ current) prevent vasospasm and neurodeficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

decrease accomodation, cant read, drugs used?

MOA

A

1st gen antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine)

block histamine and ACh at ciliary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

central scotomas

A

lesions of macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

sudden arm up jerking lesion where?

spinal levels

associated

A

lower trunk brachial plexus, Klumpkes claw hand, intrinsic hand muscles

C8-T1

Horners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

finger and thumb Extension weakness, repetitive pronation, supination, trauma = ?

A

radius subluxation, radial nerve, supinator canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Right sided pure hemisensory loss

posterior lateral

posterior medial

A

thalamic stroke contralateral

body

face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

dementia, ataxia, urinary incontenence in older individual

spinal levels

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Traumatic event then neuromptoms

A

Conversion disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

CN5, mandible, maxilla, zygoma, incus, malleus, masstication muscles come from?

CN7, stapez, styloid, lesser horn hyoid, facial muscles come from?

neonate missing any of these

A

1st arch

2nd arch

treacher collins syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Kids w/ stroke like neuro deficits

A

mitochondrial diseases, heteroplasmy, inc, lactate variability of presentation: MELAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

self mutilation (biting), hyperuricemia, decrease HGPRT, increase PRPP =

MOA

A

Lesch Nylon

inc blood uric acid, kids w/ developmental delays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

acute painless monocular vision loss

A

central retinal artery occulsion: cherry red macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

progressive weakness

A

MG, AChR Abs, thymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

esosinophilic staining red neurons

A

ischemic stroke 12-24hrs ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

parkinsons treatment

MOA

A

pramipexole

direct DA receptor stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

pregnant w/ monolike illness

infant at greatest risk for

A

CMV

chorioretinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

brady cardia after inferior MI due to?

treatment?

can cause?

A

dec Sa and AV node conductance

atropine

closed angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

kinesin antero or retrograde

affect if missing

A

antero

dec synaptic vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

anxiety treatment

assoicated NT

brain location where NT is produced

A

SSRI fluoxeteine

5HT

Raphe nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

ANterior pituitary is produced from?

A

surface ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Multiple sclerosis low or hgih neuronal length constant

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Late Alzhemiers associated w/? (3)

A

ApoE4, E4

APP chrom 21

Presenlin 1 (chrom 14), and 2 (chrom 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Rapid recovery from propafol anesthesia due to

A

tissue redistribution of drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

neonate, acidosis, inc anion gap, ketosis, hypoglycemia, inc propionic acid due to

A

methylmalonyl coa deficit, cant metabolize Val, isoleu, metho, threonine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

puffere fish toxin?

MOA

A

tetrodotoxin

Na+ channels, carrdiac and nerve tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

how to prevent MPTP damage to DA neurons?

A

MAO-B blocker: selegiline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

premie, large anterior fontanels, <1500g, hypotonia, prominent scalp veins

A

intraventricular hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

thymoma on CT, large mass

A

MG, autoantibodies to AChR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

Parkinsons treatment

A

Levodopa (crosses BBB)

Carbidopa (blocks decaroxylase)

Entacapones (blocks COMT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

pupil constrict, hypotension, vasodilate, which receptor stimulated

A

M3 ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

alpha heli to beta pleated sheet

A

H bond rearrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

Focal Seizures:

Simple

Complex

Treatment

A

Partial hemisphere

motor symptoms only (arm jerk)

Motor + absence seizure

carbamazepine, gababpentin, pehnobarbitol, phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

Generalized Seizures

Tonic/clonic

Myoclonic

ABsence

Treatment

A

both hemispheres

LOC and jerking

brief jerk

LOC

Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, valproate, ethosuximide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

lymphoma, dec immunity, india ink stain and suocraud agar = ?

Treatment

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

recurrent seizures more than 5min

treatment

A

status epilepticus

IV lorazepam (GABA)

IV phenytoin (Na+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

flushing, diaphoresis, nausea after drug taken?

used for?

A

cholinomimetic

atonic bladder

122
Q

volatile anesthetics inc?

123
Q

Chronic loss of peripheral vision

drugs target

A

open angle glaucoma = inc IOP and cup/disk ratio

ciliary epithelium

124
Q

Vomiting and vertigo

A

vestibular system inner ear

125
Q

surgery, drug that precipitates opiod withdrawal symptom

A

Buprenorpohine, only a partial u agonist

126
Q

antipsychotics with acute dystonic rxn due to

A

D2 antagonism in nigrostriatal pathway

127
Q

no vertical gaze, upper lip numb, cheeck, gingiva number

A

orbital floor fracture: maxilla, infraorbital nerve (V2)

inferior rectus trapped

128
Q

5 year old, gait problems, posterior fossa mass, primitive cells

rosenthal fibers, low grade

small round, blue cells, high grade

A

medulloblastoma

pilocytic astrocytoma

meduloblastoma

129
Q

Tetanus, spams: anterior or retrograde

affects WHich NTs

A

REtro

GABA and Glycine in cord

130
Q

contralateral motor/sensory deficits in LE and urinary incontinence

A

ACA occlusion

131
Q

Startle epilepsy, blotchy red ragged muscle fibers on Gomori trichome stain

A

maternal inherited mitochondrial disease

132
Q

N meningitidis vaccine

A

capuslar protein, anticapsular antibodies

133
Q

low cerebellar tonsils

adolscent, or adult =

neonate, severe, aqueductal stenosis, myelomeningocele, syrinx

A

Arnold Chiari malformation

Type I

TYpe II

134
Q

Saddle anesthesia and no anal reflex

A

S2-4 dermatome

135
Q

all extensors motor, sensory posterior UE, wrist drop, axilla or mid humerus

FLexion, finger abduction, thumb add

flexion thumb opposition

A

Radial nerve C5-T1

Ulnar Nerve

Median Nerve

136
Q

Achilles reflex

137
Q

extracellular neuritic plaques medial temporal lobe, amyloid beta (APP)

Neurofibrillary tangles cytoplasm

A

ALzheimers, APP

Tau

138
Q

Hemiballism

modulateds

A

lacunar stroke damage to subthalamic nucleus

BG output

139
Q

icepick, unilateral, recurring HA, tearing and runny nose

A

cluster HA

140
Q

cystic degeneration of putamen

A

WIlson’s disease

141
Q

hypotonia, hepatomegaly, seizure, infant death, VLCFA

A

peroxisomes defect

142
Q

South, infxn, rash, stroke symptoms, encepthalitis w/ flaccid paralysis

A

WNV: flavivirus RNA

insect bite

143
Q

aggressive, flat, jerky

MOA

Inheritence

Treatment

A

Huntingtons

loss of GABA, atrophy of caudate

Tri repeat HD gene Chrom 4, AD

resperidine, tetrabenzine, haloperidol, benzos

144
Q

diabetic neuropathy due to?

A

nonenzymatic glycosylation and endoneural arteriolar hylanziation

145
Q

HIV, HA, mass, EBV =

A

PCNS lymphoma, CD20 or 79a cells, high grade

146
Q

papilledema, HA, vomit

no up gaze, light neer dissection, bilateral eye retraction

lesion

location

A

Parnaurd syndrome

Germinoma, pineal gland mass

dorsal midbrain

147
Q

dot or flame retinal hemorrhages

148
Q

origin of seizure deficits

A

contralateral pirmary somatosensory coretex (post central gyrus)

149
Q

elderly, recurrent lobar hemorrhage in occipital and parietal lobes

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

150
Q

coagulase neg, extracell polysac biofilm virulence

A

Staph epiderm

151
Q

loss of prop, stabbing and stumbles, VDRL+ spinal fluid, Argyll pupill

affects?

A

Neurosyphilis

Dorsal columns

152
Q

+Romberg, prop, fatigue, sensory deficits

A

B12 deficit

153
Q

MOA of huntingtons

A

histone deacetylation = gain of fxn, silence neuronal sruvival genes

treat w/ histone deacetylase inhibitors

154
Q

lancet G+ cocci pairs

A

Strep pneumo, most common isolated meningitis

155
Q

acute hepatitis and centrolobar necrosis can be caused by

A

halogenated inhaled anesthetics (Flurones): P450

156
Q

Numbness and tingling after TB treatment w/ isoniazid

A

competes w/ B6 pyridoxine

157
Q

Long term pyridostigmine exacerbate

improves w/ endrophonium test (tensilon)

A

myasthenic or cholinergic crisis

myasthenic, not cholinergic

158
Q

ANS modulated by

NACh modulated by

A

cAMP, IP3, or Ions

Na+

159
Q

white around fundoscopic vessels

treat?

A

CMV retinitis

Gancicyclovir

160
Q

labor, fecal/urinary incontinence =

A

pudendal nerve stretch injury

161
Q

sporadic neurolgic symptoms, woman 20-30 yo, IgG, HL

Treat

A

MS, Autoimmune

INF beta

162
Q

ISchemic injury in brain

ischemic injury not in brain

irreversible

A

liquifactive necrosis

coagulative necrosis

yes

163
Q

antipsychotics, missed periods, nipple discharge: pathway

A

tuberoinfundibular path, prolactin

164
Q

K+ on nerve graph

A

down stroke not peak or resting: most K+ permeable

165
Q

Decerebrate extesnor posture after brain injury/hemorrhage

decorticate flexor posture

A

transtentorial/uncal hernation = pons injury, mid brain injury, at or below red nucleus

cerebral hemis or internal capusle, at or above red nucleus

166
Q

post cardiac arrest lack of pupillary light reflex

A

upper midbrain axonal injury

167
Q

meningiomas occur most commonly at

A

midline falx or tentorium cerebeli

168
Q

contralateral hemineglect

A

meningioma in parietal lobe

169
Q

kid, flaccid paralysis, degen ant horn cells

A

spinal muscular atrophy, SnRNP spliceosomes, SMN1

170
Q

hyperacusis in facial nerve palsy

A

stapedius nerve and stapedius mscle paralysis

171
Q

liqufactive necrosis due to

A

lysosomal digeston of tissue

172
Q

as you move down in spinal cord cord white matter

A

increase, thicker space in ventral horn

173
Q

enkaphalenins, dynorphins, endorphins, opiates, ACTH

A

POMC regions and MSH

174
Q

<1yo, regression motor skills, macrocepthaly, bright red fovea, w/ white macula

inc GM ganglioside

inc B glucocerebroside

inc sphingomyelin and HSM

A

lysosomal storage disease

Tay Sachs: AR, no B hexoasminidase A

Gaucher

Miemann Pick

175
Q

most common viral meningitis 3

A

Enterovirus

aborvirus

HSV2

176
Q

Agitation, disorientation, pharyngospasm, photophobia, salivation

virus type
receptor type

A

Rabies

ssRNA Rhabdovirus bullet shaped
NAChR

177
Q

Carbamazepine, barbituates, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, St Johns wart, modofinil, cyclophosphamide

A

CYP450 Inducers: dec drug concn

178
Q

Amiodarone, Cimetidine, Fluoroquinolones, clarithromycin, azoles, GF juice, Isoniazid, Ritonavir

A

CYP450 Inhibitors, inc drug concen

179
Q

opiate induced analgesia

A

mu recetpor, inc K+ open, hyperpol post synaptic

dec Ca+ influx presynaptic

180
Q

treatment for essential tremor

A

propanlol B blocker

181
Q

ADPKD

A

SAH berry aneurysms

182
Q

berry aneurysms w/ down and out eye

A

near ICA branch point, compress CN3 at PcommA

183
Q

spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage due to?

location

A

HTN

lenticulostraite arteries

184
Q

1st 3 finger sensory deficits: nerve?

wheres it trapped?

between which muscles

A

Median

Flexor retinaculum

FD superficialis and profundus

185
Q

Nonsense speech: wordy Wernieckes

A

MCA (does Brcas)

186
Q

hearing loss tinnitus, NF2, neuroma location

A

pontomedullary jxn or CPA

187
Q

contralateral hemiplegia of fuace and UE and aphasia if dominant

A

MCA occlusions

188
Q

hgih blood - gas partition =

low soluble =

A

slower equilibration w/ brain than NO

rapid onset

189
Q

PTSD diagnosed after

A

1month of symptoms

190
Q

round cells, peripheral nuclei, granular nissl substance =

A

axonal rxn post wallerian degen

191
Q

1st 3 digits, tinels + at flexor retinaculum

A

Carpal tunnel, median nerve compresion

192
Q

unstable, fatigue, pallor of nails, hands

A

b12 deficit, serum methylmalonic acid

193
Q

dysarthria and contralateral ataxic hemiparesis

A

CN5 lateral aspect mid pons

194
Q

temporal bone injury, LOC

A

MMA, epidural hematoma, skull and dura

195
Q

veicular tender rash on dermatome

latent in?

Abs?

A

VZV shingles reactivation

dorsal root ganglion

IgG

196
Q

HIV meningitis, budding yeast, latex agglutination, pneumocystic

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

197
Q

LUng tumor, cerebellar degen, dizzy, limb ataxia, dysarthria, visual problems, get better w/ stimulation

A

autoimmune Lambert Eaton

Anti yo, P/q, Hu

purkinje neurons

198
Q

succinylcholine for surgery, fever muscle rigitidty, malignant hyperthermia due to?

treat?

A

increase ca++ release

dantrolene

199
Q

+ babinski, hyperreflexia =

A

UMN lesion

200
Q

topical for open angle glaucoma

A

latonoprost PGE2 inc outflow aq humor uveoscleral

201
Q

INO disordered conjugate horizontal gaze

A

MLF lesion ipislateral dorsal pons

202
Q

Neuro Malignant syndrom =

caused by

treat w/

A

looks like serotonin syndrome

antipsychotics

dantrolene and stop drug

203
Q

gait and truncal ataxia

A

acute cerebellar lesion vermis

204
Q

well differentiated neoplasm, juvenile , hair glial cells, cerebellum, rosenthal fibers, granular eosinophilic bodies

A

pilocytic astrocytomas

205
Q

smoker + horners (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)

ANS?

SOmatic

A

pancost tumor atapex of lung

ciliary ganglia C8-T2

brachial plexus shoulder pain

206
Q

caudate nucleus: Location and disease

A

lateral ventricle, Huntingtons

207
Q

Femoral nerve block =

A

lidocaine into femoral crease, not ring

208
Q

appendectomy, loss of sensation over ipsilateral suprapubic area

GenFem nerve?

A

iliohypogastric n

cremasteric reflex

209
Q

Benzos MOA

TCA MOA

Barbs MOA

A

inc freq CL- channel open

block NE and 5HT reuptake

Inc duration CL- goben GABA-A

210
Q

Adductors innervation

A

Obturator nerve, L2-4

211
Q

NE made in

A

Locus ceruleus, posterior rostral pons: near lateral floor 4th ventricle

RAS arousal

212
Q

dense glial scar due to?

process

A

myelin debris persists for years

Wallerian degen

213
Q

HA, vomit, papilledema, dry skin, HSM< weird diet

214
Q

Peripheral facial palsy

A

Parotid gland mass

215
Q

shrunken nuclei, no nissl, eosinophilic cytoplasm =

time since injury

A

irreversible cell injury

red neuron, 12-24 hours

216
Q

2 years progressive headaches w/ acute onset neuro symptoms = ?

Pathology

A

Meningioma

Whorled psammoma bodies

217
Q

young, visin change, HA, calcified mass, choelsterol =

from?

A

craniopharyngioma

ant. pituitary, rathke pouch remnant

218
Q

rapid neuro symptoms, decline and death with dementia w/in months =

path

A

Creutzfeldt-jakob

vacuolated areas, prion PrP, no treatment

219
Q

young, reatrd, seizures, pallor of SN, locus ceruleus, vagal nucleus =

pathophys?

A

PKU

dec phenylalanine hydroxylase

220
Q

loss of sense of tonsillar lining but no hoarseness = ?

A

CN9 deficits (not 10, 10 is hoarse)

221
Q

gingival hyperplasia =

222
Q

deep brain stimulation to globus pallidus or subthalamic nuclei in parkinsons used to

A

promote thalamo cortical disinhibition

223
Q

cataracts, gonadal atrophy, frontal baldnes, inability to loose grib, gait disturbance =

gene

A

myotonic dystrophy

CTG tri nuke repeat

224
Q

GBS path

A

endoneural inflammation infiltrate

225
Q

capsaicin depletes?

results in?

A

substance P

pain relief but hurts first

226
Q

rapid hypo Na+ correction =

A

osmotic demyelinating syndrome

227
Q

Neisseria meningitidis vaccine against

A

pili, no adherence to nasopharynx

228
Q

S100+, biphasic dense-nondense (Anteri A + B), acoustic neuroma

embyro deriv?

also S100+

A

Schwannoma, NF2

neural crest

melanoma

229
Q

decrease in motor end plate potential repeated contractions

230
Q

Excessive cholinergic stimuation of gut (SLUDGE) due to AChEI treatment

A

Scopolamine (ANTI M)

231
Q

myoclonic/tonic clonic seizures treatment

A

braod spectrum anticonvuslants = valproate

232
Q

child, febrile seizure best treatment

A

supportive care (aceto or Ibpu for comfort: block PGE2

233
Q

after bronchoscopy (atropine) restless, dilated, disoreinte

A

use physostigmine (BBB), not neostigmine or edrophonium (do not cross BBB)

234
Q

miosis, bradycardia, dec RR, hypotension, dec mentalfxn and dec bowel sounds =

A

opiate intox

235
Q

vomiting chemo trigger zone

A

front of 4th ventricle = area postrema

236
Q

foot slap, no eversion, numb dorsal foot, lateral shin =

A

common peroneal n injury

237
Q

dec choline acetylatransferase in nucleus basalis and hioppocampus, yellow or green under polarized light after congo red

Substantia nigra =

caudate nucleus =

A

Alzhemiers

Parkinsons

Huntingtons

238
Q

hearing loss, ipsilateral facial numbness, dec corneal reflex =?

A

CPA and acoustic schwannoma

239
Q

big 3rd and lateral ventricles, normal sized 4th

A

cerebral aqueduct stenosis

240
Q

butterfly mass, very quick onsset and growth, located in cerebral hemispheres

A

Glioblastoma

241
Q

wide based gait, nonreactive but accomodating reflex, dec DTR Knee/ankle, + romberg

type of bug

accentuated by

A

Neurosyphilis, tabes dorsalis

Spirochete

HIV

242
Q

helderly w/apparently enlarged ventricles (due to cortical loss)

A

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

243
Q

NMDA role in Huntingtons

A

cell death, chorea, aggressive, memory problems

244
Q

Tongue Sensory:

General Ant 2/3

General Post 1/3

Gustatory Ant 2/3

Gustatory Post 1/3

Root bud

A

V3

CN9

CN7

CN9

CN10

245
Q

spongiform transformation of gray matter

A

CJD PrP prion

246
Q

opsoclonus, myoclonus, hypotonia, abd. mass, inc catechols

gene amp?

A

Neuroblastoma adrenal medulla

N-Myc

247
Q

deep intracerebral hemorrhage due to HTN =

A

Charcot Bouchard aneurysm (not saccular SAH)

248
Q

seizures, intracerebral bleeding

A

cavernous hemangioma

249
Q

cant walk down stair can walk up, tuck chin and tilt head away from one side

A

CN4 lesion (SOM

250
Q

superior/anterior to cerebellum

A

hippocampus

251
Q

NF2 protein and chrom

NF1 protein and chrom

A

merlin, 22

neurofibromin 17

252
Q

slit lamp test +

A

Wilsons (ring on eyes)

253
Q

Old brain infarct =

A

glial scar (astrocytic processes) on periphery

254
Q

ipsilateral CN3 palsy, hemiparesis

A

transtentorial/uncal herniation

255
Q

days old SAH presenting w/ new neuro symptoms due to?

prevention?

A

vasospasm

Nimodipine (Ca channel blocker)

256
Q

HA, acute blindness one eye, previous fever, shoulder and pelvic pain = ?

Ortho symtoms caused by?

A

large vessel arteritis (temporal or Multinuclear giant cell arteritis)

polymyalgia rheumatica

257
Q

clasp knife spasticity (initial resistance then release) due to lesion in

where is lesion if it is in contralateral arm, leg , lower face

A

UMN, any point in pyramydal motor system

Internal capsule

258
Q

subdural hematoma and retinal hemorrhages in baby

A

shaken baby

259
Q

ataxia, myoclonus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis due to

type of virus

vaccine is

A

mealses (rubeola)

ss enveloped RNA hemagglutinin

live atten virus

260
Q

lesion to CST =

presents as?

A

UMN

spastic hyperreflex

261
Q

Synaptophysin is a marker for ?

GFAP is a marker for?

A

neurons

gliomas

262
Q

LP needle placed at?

anatomical landmark

spinal cord ends at

A

L3-4, or L4-5

Iliac crest

L1

263
Q

DM, CN3 down and out, normal reactive pupil, ptosis =

A

ischemia injury

264
Q

young, loss of bilateral upper and lower pain and temp sensory loss =

associated w/

A

syringomyelia

scoliosis, Arnold Chiari

265
Q

diaphragmatic nerves

A

C3-5 phrenic nerve

266
Q

baby, lethargy, vomit, tachypnea, inc ammonia, inc propionic acid, acidosis =?

missing enzyme?

A

congenital methylmalonic acidemia

dec methylmalolyl COA mutase

267
Q

nausea, dry mouth, ptosis, difficulty swallowing

blocks?

A

botulinium

blocks ACh release presynapse

268
Q

HIV, lung infxn, then brain, spherical yeast, india ink, thick capsule

A

Cryptococus neoformans

269
Q

many people, close quarters, meningitis

endotoxin?

A

N. meningitids

outer lipooligosacch

270
Q

UMN and LMN motor only symptoms

locations?

treatment

A

ALS

precentral gyrus, LCST, anterior horn

Riluzole (dec glutamate release)

271
Q

potency of inhaled anesthetic =

A

min alveolar concentration, the lower the more potent

272
Q

drug rxn, facial edema, rash, LAD, eosinophilia 2-8 weeks post drug

273
Q

sinus infxn followed by CN3,4,5,6 symptoms =

most common bug

A

cavernous sinus thrombus

S aureus

274
Q

Pupillary light reflex not present

A

no optic nerve input

275
Q

biceps // brachioradialis reflex

276
Q

1st brain area damaged in cardiac arrest

due to

A

hippocampus

global cerebral ischemia and hypoperfusion

277
Q

sensory lateral shoulder, motor deltoid, abduction, C5-6

A

Axillary nerve

278
Q

hypoxia w/ bilateral wedge shapes in ACA, MCA, PCA watershed encephalopathy orientation

A

parallel to cerebral convexity

279
Q

ulcer, fatigue =

spinal areas affected

A

B12 deficit

DC, Spinocerebellar tract, LCST

280
Q

reciting months of year backwards tests

A

attention and concentration

281
Q

syringomelia affects

A

ant white commissure

282
Q

older paitents with insomnia treatment

A

rameltion (Melatonin receptor)

283
Q

PC and LCST affected in women

284
Q

torticolis, subterminal spore formation

A

CLostridium botulinum

285
Q

HTN, left temporal himretina

A

L lateral geniculate body

286
Q

treatment for MS spasticity

A

Baclofen (GABA-B), tizanidine (alpha 2)

287
Q

Broca’s, right hemipareisis, comprehension good, nonfluent, area affected?

A

inferior frontal gyrus (Brodman 44-45)

288
Q

home canned food, diplopia (NACh) and dry mouth (MACh)

289
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis, intubated, then quadriparesis

A

cervical sublux

290
Q

contralalteral hemianopia

+ paresthesis and numbness

A

PCA infarct

Lateral thalamus

291
Q

MS autoimmune response

A

T cell mediated

292
Q

drugs to avoid w/ benzos

A

sedatives (diphen and chlorphen)

293
Q

loss of motor fxn 1 side, sense on other side

A

Brown Sequard (hemisection of spinal cord)

294
Q

wet age related macular degen due to

treat

dry vs wet

subretinal hemoorrahge and drusen

A

inc VEGF

Randibizumab, bevacizumab, smoking cessation

gradual, acute

symptoms

295
Q

inappropriate behavior

A

Picks/Frontotemporal dementia

296
Q

Large AV concentration of anesthetic =

A

inc tissue solubility = slow onset axn

297
Q

fibular fracture, foot drop no toe extension, eversion intact =

no eversion =

A

deep pereoneal nerve

superficial

298
Q

Vit E def looks like?

spine areas affected

A

Freidrichs ataxia

spinocerebellar tracts, DC, dec DTRs

299
Q

dilated capillaries in cavernous sinus

A

hemangioma, shows w/ seizures

300
Q

contralateral homo hemianopia

A

optic track lesion

301
Q

kyphoscoliosis, high plantar arch, heart failure, gait ataxia

inheritance

pathophys

tracts affected

A

Freidreich ataxia

AR, FXN, GAA tri nuke repeat

iron sulfur enzymes

spinocerebellar

Uworld (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions