Ear Nose and Throat Flashcards

1
Q

________ is a nonactpse fermenting, oxidase positive motile G- rod that is the most common cause of _______, a serious infection of the ear seen in elderly diabetic patients and presents with exquisite ear pain, drainage, and granulation tissue seen in the ear canal

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

________ is characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. Its pathogenesis is related to an _______ volume and pressure of endolymph in the vestibular apparatus

_______ is characterized by otoliths in the semicircular canals, with vertigo being brought on by head movement, without any auditory symptoms

__________ is characterized by viral or postviral inflammation of the vestibular nerve with single episodes of vertigo that last days. No associated hearing loss

A

Meniere disease, increased

BPPV

Vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis

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3
Q

the ______ nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via its small auricular branch. Sensation to the rest of the canal is from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

vagus

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4
Q

blunt trauma to the globe can cause ________. These fractures most commonly involve the medial or inferior walls due to the thin bone bordering the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Most likely to herniate into the ________

A

orbital blowout fractures

maxillary sinus

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5
Q

cholesteatomas are collections of _________ that forma round, pearly mass behind the tympanic membrane of the middle ear. The can be congenital or acquired and cause hearing loss due to erosion of the auditory ossicles

A

squamous cell debris

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6
Q

cleft lip results when the _________ fails to fuse with the _______ during the 5th-6th week of embryonic development. Cleft palate occurs when the ________ fail to fuse with one another or with the primary palate. These can occur together or in isolation

A

maxillary prominence

intermaxillary segment

palatine shelves

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7
Q

topical preparations of alpha adrenergic agonists cause ______ of the nasal mucosa vessels and are used as decongestants. Overuse can cause negative feedback, a phenomenon called ________

A

vasoconstriction

tachyphylaxis

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8
Q

prolonged exposure to loud noises causes hearing loss due to damage to the stereociliated hair cells of the _______

A

organ of corti

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9
Q

the ________ travels in close proximity to the inferior thyroid artery and can be injured during thyroid surgery, resulting in vocal cord paralysis

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

in conductive hearing loss, bone conduction will be _________ than air conduction (abnormal Rinne test), and the Weber test will lateralize to the ________. In sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction will be ___________ bone conduction (normal Rinne test) and the Weber test will lateralize to the _____________

A

greater than

affected

greater than

unaffected ear

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11
Q

epitaxis is commonly caused by irritation of the highly vascular mucosa of the ________, which contains Kiesselbach plexus. The anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, and superior labial arteries anastomose in this region

A

anterior nasal septum

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12
Q

Cricothyrotomy is indicated when an emergency airwa is required an intubation is either unsuccessful or contraindicated. The cricothyrotomy incision passes through the _________________________________

A

superficial cervical fascia, pretracheal fascia, and cricothyroid membrane

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