Neurology objective assessment 1 Flashcards
what is an impairment
is a problem in body function or structure
what is an activity
an activity is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
what is participation
a problem experienced by an individual in executing a task or action
components of an objective assessment
Observations, AROM, PROM,§ STRENGTH, SENSATION, COORDINATION, REFLEXES, FUNCTION
what should we observe
posture and movement, decipher between normal and abnormal
what is observed in neuro
muscle function, effort, speed, smoothness, timing, directness, posture, differences from normal, visual behaviour, anticipatory
AROM
look at functional movement rather than specific joint initially, the function chose depends on patients ability, e.g. if the patient is unable to move out of bed, start with bed mobility or getting dressed/ undressed , DADL, PADL
what is PROM
movement produced by an external force during muscle inactivity
what are we assessing with PROM a
are there any obvious limitations, ROM, sensory awareness, joint related, do they appear anxious- pain, feel for presence to movement,
what are you feeling for the presence of movement
what is the ROM.do you feel resistance? is this what you expect to feel? muscle tone, joint, does it change with speed/ direction of movement, feel for type of resistance- idea of end feel, muscle shortening, muscle tone
what is muscle tone
a state of readiness in muscle at rest (resting tone) or the resistance to passive movement, normal tone should be high enough to keep you up against gravity but low enough to allow movement
what is hypotonicity
low tone, diminished resistance to passive movement, can be caused by CNS (cerebral shock, CVA) or PNS lesion (trauma to peripheral nerves), weakness, flaccidity
What is hypertonicity
high tone, increased resistance to passive movement, spasms (PNS) spasticity, rigidity, dystonia and dyspraxia- uncoordinated movement
what causes hypertonicity
mechanical factors- physical inertia of limb, viscoelastic properties, thixotropy,
neural actors- active contraction, reflex contraction, only occurs with damage to PNS
