Neurology histology

Question 1

What is the nervous system divided into?

Answer 1

1. Central nervous system
   - brain and the spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system
   - nerve fibres and nerve ganglia

Question 2

what is the two groups of cells in nerve tissues?

Answer 2

1. neurons (impulse conducting cells)
2. neuroglia (non-neuronal support cells)

Question 3

What are the non-neuronal support cells in PNS and CNS respectively?

Answer 3

1. PNS: schwann cells/ satellite cells
2. CNS: oligodendrocytes/ microgial cells/ astrocytes/ ependymal cells

Question 4

what is the functions of regional neurons?

Answer 4

1. Dendrites: input region
2. Cell body: nurtures the cell
3. Axon: conducts excitation
   4: Telodendric zone: output region

Question 5

what is schwann cell?

Answer 5

one inter-node of neurilemma

Question 6

what is the node of Ranvier?

Answer 6

the unmyelinated part between each inter-node

Question 7

what are the 3 morphological classification of neurons?

Answer 7

1. unipolar: sensory neurons where cell body sits to the side
2. bipolar: sensory neurons where cell body sits inside the axon.
3. Multipolar: motor and sensory neurons

Question 8

what are the functional classification of neurons?

Answer 8

1. Sensory neuron
2. Motor neurons
3. Interneurons

Question 9

what are the functions of neuroglia in CNS?

Answer 9

supportive functions include:
1. nourishment

2. physical support for neuroonal processes
3. electrical insulation (myelin)
4. maintain extracellular environment
5. Phagocytosis (remove of debris)

Question 10

Describe astrocytes (A).

Answer 10

1. largest glial cell
2. plentiful processes extend between neurons and blood vessels
3. promote tight junctions to form blood-brain barrier
4. structural support
5. regulate extracellular brain fluid composition
6. immune function

Question 11

Describe oliogodendrocytes.

Answer 11

• myelinate several axons
• each oligodendrocyte process wraps around one axon at several sites or several axons.

Question 12

Describe microglial cells.

Answer 12

• phagosytosis
• small with elongated nucleus
• short, twisted processes

Question 13

Describe ependymal cells.

Answer 13

• columnar or cuboidal epithelial-like cells with motile cilia that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
• modified ependymal cells form part of choroid plexus (make CSF)

Question 14

what are the functions of neuroglia in PNS (schwann cells / satellite cells)?

Answer 14

1. provide protective environment for neurons
2. Proliferate and become phagocytic when there is nerve damage

Question 15

where do schwann cells locate at?

Answer 15

surround axons (myelinating and non-myelinatin)

Question 16

where do satellite cells located at?

Answer 16

surround neuronal cell bodies in ganglia

Question 17

describe the relationship of schwann cells and myelination.

Answer 17

1. Schwann cell produces myelin sheaths > myelinated axons
   - provide electrical insulation for nerve inpulse
   - mix of proteins and phospholipids
2. envelope non-myelinated axons

Question 18

Does nervous tissue of the CNS contain connective tissue?

Answer 18

NO
Does NOT contain connective tissue

• That why fresh CNS tissue has a very soft, somewhat jelly-like consistency.