Neurology Conditions - Causes

Question 1

Ischaemic Stroke - Causes (7)

Answer 1

1) small vessel occlusion 2) large vessel atherothromboembolism 3) cardioembolism (AF, MI, IE) 4) vasculitis 5) sickle cell disease 6) polycythaemia 7) hypoperfusion (inc. caused by sepsis)

Question 2

Haemorrhagic Stroke - Causes (7)

Answer 2

1) cerebral amyloid angiopathy 2) hypertension (Charcot Bouchard aneurysm) 3) aneurysm rupture 4) ateriovenous malformation 5) anticoagulants 6) trauma —> carotid artery dissection 7) subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 3

Transient Ischaemic Attack - Causes (7)

Answer 3

1) small vessel occlusion 2) large vessel atherothromboembolism* (esp. carotid) 3) cardioembolism (AF, MI, IE) 4) vasculitis 5) sickle cell disease 6) polycythaemia 7) hypoperfusion (inc. caused by sepsis)

Question 4

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage - Causes (4)

Answer 4

1) berry aneurysm rupture (80%) 2) arteriovenous malformation (15%) 3) vasculitis 4) idiopathic

Question 5

Epilepsy - Causes (5)

Answer 5

1) idiopathic (2/3) 2) cortical scarring (head injury, cerebrovascular disease, CNS infection) 3) tumour 4) tuberous sclerosis 5) dementia

Question 6

Parkinson’s Disease - Causes (1)

Answer 6

1) unknown