Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Communication Disorders & Motor Speech Disorders > Neurology (COG) > Flashcards

Neurology (COG) Flashcards

1
Q

Define neurology

A

branch of medicine that deals with anatomy, physiology (function) and disorders of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the three areas involved in the study of neurology

A

anatomy, physiology (function) and disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ are receptor branches.

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ___ contains DNA.

A

cell body/soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ganglia are clusters of cell bodies found in the ___.

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the __.

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What transmits electrical impulses from cell bodies to terminal buttons and are covered in a myelin sheath?

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tract is a bundle of __ in the __.

A

axons; CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerve is a bundle of __ in the __.

A

axons; PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are gaps in myelinated called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The __ contains synaptic vesicles.

A

terminal button

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many main types of cells are there in the nervous system?

A

2 main types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the types of cells in the nervous system and their functions.

A

Glial cells support cell function. Neurons - communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nerve cell that carries impulses from a sensory receptor to the brain or spinal

A

Sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The nerve cell that transmits impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

A

Motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The connections between sensory and motor neurons are called _.

A

interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is information transmitted in the nervous system (at the cellular level)?

A

Electrical energy moves down towards the muscles, turns into chemical energy between cells, then goes back into electrical energy. This happens at synaptic cleft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) includes __ and __

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes __ and __ (cell bodies) __ of the CNS.

A

nerves; ganglia; outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PNS includes __ nervous system and __ nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the layers of the meninges of the brain from superior to inferior

A

Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Subarachnoid space contains what (2 things)?

A

Blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True/False: Meninges are the inner coverings of the brain.

A

False; outer coverings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the subarachnoid space which contains blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the (4) main components of the brain?

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, subcortical structures, brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the ventricles in the brain.

A

2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the CSF do?

A

Cleans and protects the brain and spinal cord by circulating throughout the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many lobes are in the brain?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the lobes of the brain.

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many hemispheres are there in the brain?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Gray matter?

A

Densely packed cell bodies in the cortex that gives gray appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is white matter?

A

Axons that are wrapped in myelin which gives whitish appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F: Lateralization is when a function is controlled by one side of the brain over the other.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the frontal lobe consist of (cortices)?

A

Primary motor, premotor (including supplementary motor cortex) and prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which cortex includes Broca’s area?

A

Premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the main functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Movement, planning, initiation, judgement, reasoning, concentration, disinhibition of behaviors, adaption to change, emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The __ __ __has motor neurons that send signals to execute movement.

A

Primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The __ __ deals with executive function (i.e., attention, inhibition, flexibility, working memory, problem solving, etc.)

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

A

Plans movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing ability, memory acquisition, visual perceptions, categorization of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Wernicke’s area is located in the __ lobe.

A

Temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the function of the primary and secondary auditory cortices?

A

Auditory sensation and perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The parietal lobe’s function is what?

A

Receives and evaluates most sensory information (touch, pressure, pain, temperature, taste); touch perception, coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex are arranged in a __ fashion

A

Somatotopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex responds to __.

A

pain/touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which gyri are involved in higher-level language?

A

Angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus

48
Q

Posterior parietal cortex can be described as the __ cortex.

A

association

49
Q

T/F: The somatosensory integrates sensory inputs (temperature, pressure, etc.) relayed to produce an understanding of an object being felt.

A

True

50
Q

T/F: The parietal lobe hosts the somatosensory cortex.

A

True

51
Q

T/F: The inability to recognize objects is known as agnosia

A

True

52
Q

T/F: The areas involved in high-level language are the somatotopic gyrus and angular gyrus.

A

False; angular and supramarginal

53
Q

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

A

visual processing; help with visual associations

54
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

Under the parietal lobe and above temporal lobe

55
Q

The fifth lobe is called the what?

A

Insula

56
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A

Not fully described in literature; sensory & motor function

57
Q

Where is the insula located?

A

It’s part of the cerebral cortex, located deep in the lateral sulcus

58
Q

There are _ hemispheres and _ lobes in the cerebellum

A

2 hemispheres, 3 lobes

59
Q

T/F: The main function of the cerebellum is to receive movement information from the cortex.

A

True

60
Q

The cerebellum is responsible for what 2 functions?

A

Balance, executing coordinating movements

61
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

processes sensory information and relays it to cerebral cortex

62
Q

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

A

regulates endocrine functions (hormones)

63
Q

What is the main function of the pituitary gland?

A

Controls secretions from thyroid, adrenal gland, ovaries & testies

64
Q

What is the main function of the hippocampus?

A

recent working memory, inhibiting unsuccessful action

65
Q

What is the main function of the amygdala?

A

forming and storing memories associated with emotional events

66
Q

What is the main function of the basal ganglia?

A

receives information from cortex, processes it and send back to the cortex for integration of motor control

67
Q

What are the subcortical structures?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia

68
Q

The __ processes sensory information

A

thalamus

69
Q

the __ regulates endocrine functions

A

hypothalamus

70
Q

the __ is the “master gland” and controls secretions

A

pituitary gland

71
Q

the __ is the recent working memory

A

hippocampus

72
Q

the __ forms and stores emotional memories

A

amygdala

73
Q

the __ receives information from the cortex, processes it, and then send it back to the cortex

A

basal ganglia

74
Q

name the three parts of the brainstem from descending order

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

75
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

connects brain to spinal cord

76
Q

the superior colliculus’ function is what?

A

vision

77
Q

what is the function of the inferior colliculus?

A

hearing

78
Q

what is the substantia nigra?

A

neurotransmitter dopamine/reward center

79
Q

What is the bridge for the cerebellum?

A

pons

80
Q

the part of reticular activating formation in the medulla does what?

A

overall arousal and sleep

81
Q

T/F: the medulla has ascending and descending tracts

A

true

82
Q

what is the midbrain responsible for?

A

vision, hearing, eye movement & sensation, reward center

83
Q

what is the pons responsible for?

A

facial and vestibulochoclear cranial nerves

84
Q

what is the medulla responsible for?

A

arousal and sleep, voice, swallowing

85
Q

T/F: the part of the reticular activating formulation that helps control breathing and sleep (alertness and arousal) is located in the medulla.

A

False; pons.

86
Q

How is the spinal cord arranged?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

87
Q

The __ root is sensory, the __ root is motor.

A

Dorsal; ventral`

88
Q

What is the function of the PNS?

A

connects the CNS to the rest of the body

89
Q

T/F: Somatic nervous system is in charge of involuntary control

A

False; voluntary

90
Q

The autonomic nervous system has what function?

A

Involuntary control (heart rate, digestion)

91
Q

What types of nerves is the PNS made of?

A

Motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent)

92
Q

Afferent means __ while motor means __.

A

Goes to; away

93
Q

Motor takes information from the PNS while sensory does what?

A

Leads sensory receptors in body TO CNS

94
Q

Name the spinal nerve

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

95
Q

Communication between the nervous system happens via the _ and _.

A

tracts, nerves

96
Q

Cranial nerves are part of the _ nervous system

A

peripheral

97
Q

A collection of axons in the CNS are called?

A

Tracts

98
Q

A collection of axons in the PNS are called?

A

Nerves

99
Q

The three fiber bundle tracts are called?

A

Association, striatal, commissural

100
Q

__ are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS.

A

nuclei

101
Q

There are how many cranial nerves and how many spinal nerves?

A

12; 31

102
Q

How many cranial nerves originate in the brainstem?

A

10

103
Q

How many cranial nerves originate in the cerebrum?

A

2

104
Q

Name the two arterial systems

A

carotid and vetebral

105
Q

T/F: The carotid arteries are for anterior circulation

A

True

106
Q

What are the two branches of the carotid arteries?

A

internal carotid and external carotid

107
Q

Name the three internal carotid arteries

A

anterior cerebral, middle, and posterior

108
Q

T/F: the verebral arteries are for anterior circulation?

A

false; posterior

109
Q

What are the types of sensory neurons?

A

Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, baroreceptors, proprioceptors

110
Q

Chemoreceptors are in regard to what?

A

Chemical

111
Q

T/F: An example of mechanoreceptors is temperature.

A

False; thermoreceptors

112
Q

Force/pressure is what type of sensory neuron?

A

Mechanoreceptor

113
Q

Light during vision is what type of sensory neuron?

A

Photoreceptors

114
Q

Baroreceptors are in regard to what?

A

Change in blood pressure

115
Q

T/F: Position deals with the chemoreceptor neuron.

A

False; proprioceptor

Cognitive Communication Disorders & Motor Speech Disorders (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions