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Cognitive Communication Disorders & Motor Speech Disorders > Cognitive Midterm > Flashcards

Cognitive Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of tracts in the CNS provide interhemispheric connection? The ____ tracts.

A

commissural Tracts

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2
Q

Name the 5 lobes of the brain:

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Insula, Temporal

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3
Q

Although there may be involvement across multiple lobes of the brain for cognition, the main lobe is believed to be the:

A

Frontal lobe

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4
Q

Which cortex of the frontal lobe is typically associated with executive function? The ____ cortex.

A

Prefrontal

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5
Q

If you were to experience agnosia, or inability to recognize objects, this would likely be due to damage of the ______ lobe of the brain.

A

Parietal

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6
Q

Visual processing is believed to be involved with the ______ lobe of the brain.

A

Occipital

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7
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for balance?

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

Gray matter is gray because it consist of ___

A

densely packed cell bodies

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9
Q

The brain’s subcortical structures include the Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, ___ and ____.

A

Amygdala and basal ganglia

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10
Q

The subcortical structure believe to form and store memories associated with emotional events is the ___

A

amygdala

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11
Q

The portion of the midbrain that produces the neurotransmitter dopamine is the

A

substantia nigra

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12
Q

The 3 parts of the brainstem from superior to inferior are:

A

midbrain
pons
Medulla

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13
Q

T/F Efferent nerves travel from the CNS to the body

A

True

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14
Q

The divisions of the nervous systems are the ___ NS and the __ NS

A

Central and peripheral

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15
Q

The divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ___ Nervous System and the ___ NS

A

somatic and automatic

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16
Q

The outer coverings of the brain include the __ mater, ___ mater, and the __ mater

A

dura, pia, and arachnoid membrane
(to remember order remember is alphabetic order)
dps

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17
Q

T/F Afferent nerves travel from the CNS to the body,

A

FALSE (arrive-to)

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18
Q

Which type of tracts in the CNS provide intrahemispheric connections?The __ tracts

A

Association

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19
Q

The 2 arterial systems in the brain are the __ arteries, which provide posterior blood circulation, and the – arteries, which provide anterior circulation

A

CAROTID & Vertebral

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20
Q

The two types of cells in the nervous system are the __ and the ___.

A

Glial

Neurons

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21
Q

Name 3 types of sensory neuron (receptors)

A

chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, photoreceptors,

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22
Q

At the cellular level, information is transmitted in the nervous system by the conversion of what kinds of energy?

A

Electrical energy into chemical energy and then back into electrical energy

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23
Q

Chemical cellular communication happens at the ____

A

synaptic cleft

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24
Q

What does neurotransmitters do?

A

Transmits a message from a nerve cell across the synapse to targeted cell

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25
Q

What types of attention might you test?

A

Sustained and executive

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26
Q

IF there is an impairment in memory, what areas of the patient’s brain are most likely be impaired?

A

Temporal, frontal, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebrum, hippocampus, frontal, amygdala

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27
Q

What types of executive functional might you test?Initiation ____,____ Mental flexibility, _________, judgement, ________reasoning, self-regulation, and ________

A

problem-solving, planning, inhibition, meta-cognition

28
Q

IF there is an impairment in executive function, what areas of the patient’s brain are most likely to be impacted? _____ and ____

A

Frontal, prefrontal, connections

29
Q

What are the main parts of an evaluation?

A

Case history, physical exam, assessment

30
Q

Types of testing task for memory: Immediate recall _____, _______, and forced choice

A

delayed recall and recognition

31
Q

What are the two types of memory systems?

A

Working memory & Long-term memory

32
Q

. t/f what might you expect considering PML affects white mater/myelin? Why?

A

Nerve impulses slow or even stop and cause neurologic deficits to cognition and/or movement
TRUE

33
Q

T/F Brain function changes with MS: nerve impulses increase and decline in neurologic

A

function FALSE

34
Q

What might you expect in the terms of cognitive functioning with plaques and tangles that continue to build in the brain? T/F

A

Progressive memory impairment, possibly agnosia, apraxia, aphasia, and executive functioning deficits. TRUE

35
Q

What might you expect with loss of dopamine_____ _____ ____, ___ coordination,
Slower thinking and ___

A

Rigidity, slowness, freezing,
Poor
Processing

36
Q

What might you expect with loss of dopamine

Attention deficits____ memory deficits____ deficits

A

Working, executive function

37
Q

Is additional testing required or should you begin treatment after the administering the MOCA?

A

Additional testing is required

38
Q

Who might get attention impairments?

A) Anyone with injury/disease to the frontal lobe,
B) Dementia.
C) Anyone with injury/disease to the spinal cord
D) Aphasia
E) Anyone with injury/disease to the parietal lobe
F) TBI
G) Anyone with injury/disease to the temporal lobe
H) Anyone with injury/disease to the nose

A

(A, B, D, E, F, G)

39
Q

In developing your treatment plan what approaches might you consider?a) Training in specific skills
B) Direct training alone
C) Direct training, although not by itself
d) Compensatory

A

(A, C, D)

40
Q

Cognition is an umbrella for all higher metal processes:

A 
Language
Attention
Memory
Executive Function
(LAME)
41
Q

According to Sohlberg and Mateer, the TWO broad component types of attention are:

A

sustained and executive control

42
Q

The 4 types of attention under executive control are

A

Alternating, suppression, working memory, selective (SAWS)

43
Q

Listening to a spoken passage in the presence of background noise requires intact attention to what kind

A

selective

44
Q

Attention is always defined in relation to a ___

A

Stimuli

45
Q

What are the various stages of information described by the stages model of human memory?

A

Storage, retrieval, encoding

46
Q

HUMAN MEMORY: delayed recall = early processing material=

A

retrieval, encoding

47
Q

Delayed recall is associated with which stage of human memory

A

Retrieval

48
Q

The early processing of material to be learned is associated with which stage of human memory

A

Encoding

49
Q

Give example of vascular disease

A

Stroke

50
Q

T/f Presence/absence of impairment can be made using results of a single cognitive communication measure

A

False

51
Q

What area of within the frontal lobe is believed to be most involved in with executive function?

A

Prefrontal Cortex

52
Q

Name the area of the brain believed to be important for the storage of new memories

A

Temporal or hippocampus

53
Q

The memory retrieval process is believed to be mediated by the ___ and the subcortical structures

A

Frontal

54
Q

Name a disease that may result in memory impairment

A

aphasia, TBI, Dementia

55
Q

Why might you consider more compensatory treatment methods for a person with dementia as opposed to rehabilitative?

A

The function cannot be recovered completely and can use strategies to improve functional performance

56
Q

T/F The use of metamemory in treatment is appropriate for all patients

A

False

57
Q

Name types of rehabilitative memory treatments

A

alphabet search, spaced retrieval, cues for retrieval, awareness training

58
Q

Name an etiology that may be associated with executive dysfunction

A

stroke, dementia, TBI

59
Q

Which are considered rehabilitative?

A

Skills-based training, direct training

60
Q

How would you describe metacognition

A

Self-awareness

61
Q

Data collection on an individual is a type of ___ evidence?

A

internal

62
Q

Two types of treatment are _______ and ______

A

Rehabilitative and compensatory

63
Q

T/F A screener is used to identify presence of impairment is usually is pass/fail

A

True

64
Q

Rehabilitative is ___ & ____

A

skills based and direct training

65
Q

How might you expect to the brain to function with inflammation in the brain?
_____ neuronal communication,_____ death, Memory acquisition deficits, Visual______ deficits
and Categorization deficits

A

a) Slowed
b) Cell
c) Perception

Cognitive Communication Disorders & Motor Speech Disorders (6 decks)

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